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. 2018 Dec 7:6:80.
doi: 10.1186/s40560-018-0349-x. eCollection 2018.

Physical rehabilitation interventions in the intensive care unit: a scoping review of 117 studies

Julie C Reid  1 , Janelle Unger  2 , Devin McCaskell  3 , Laura Childerhose  1 , David J Zorko  4 , Michelle E Kho  1   3
Affiliations

Physical rehabilitation interventions in the intensive care unit: a scoping review of 117 studies

Julie C Reid et al. J Intensive Care. .

Abstract

Background: Physical rehabilitation (PR) interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) can improve patients' functional outcomes, yet systematic reviews identified discordant effects and poor reporting. We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent of ICU PR interventions and how they were reported and measured.

Methods: We searched five databases from inception to December 2016 for prospective studies evaluating adult ICU PR interventions. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for inclusion. We assessed completeness of reporting using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, or Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence guidelines, as appropriate. For planned PR interventions, we evaluated reporting with the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and assessed intervention and control groups separately. We calculated completeness of reporting scores for each study; scores represented the proportion of reported items. We compared reporting between groups using Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni corrections and t tests, α = 0.05.

Results: We screened 61,774 unique citations, reviewed 1429 full-text publications, and included 117: 39 randomized trials, 30 case series, 9 two-group comparison, 14 before-after, and 25 cohort. Interventions included neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (14.5%), passive/active exercises (15.4%), cycling (6.8%), progressive mobility (32.5%), and multicomponent (29.9%). The median (first,third quartiles) study reporting score was 75.9% (62.5, 86.7) with no significant differences between reporting guidelines. Of 87 planned intervention studies, the median CERT score was 55.6%(44.7,75.0); cycling had the highest (85.0%(62.2,93.8)), and NMES and multicomponent the lowest (50.0% (39.5, 70.3) and 50.0% (41.5, 58.8), respectively) scores. Authors reported intervention groups better than controls (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: We identified important reporting deficiencies in ICU PR interventions, limiting clinical implementation and future trial development.

Keywords: Critical care; Critical illness; Early ambulation; Rehabilitation; Respiration, artificial.

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Conflict of interest statement

Not applicable.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram of included studies
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a Distribution of ICU physical rehabilitation study designs and b intervention types over 32 years
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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