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. 2018 Dec 14;10(12):1979.
doi: 10.3390/nu10121979.

The Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Citrulline, and Arginine on High-Intensity Interval Performance in Young Swimmers

Chun-Fang Hsueh  1 , Huey-June Wu  2 , Tzu-Shiou Tsai  3 , Ching-Lin Wu  4 , Chen-Kang Chang  5
Affiliations

The Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Citrulline, and Arginine on High-Intensity Interval Performance in Young Swimmers

Chun-Fang Hsueh et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

High-intensity interval training has drawn significant interest for its ability to elicit similar training responses with less training volume compared to traditional moderate-intensity protocols. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of co-ingestion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), arginine, and citrulline on 8 × 50 m high-intensity interval swim performance in trained young swimmers. This study used a randomized cross-over design. Eight male (age 15.6 ± 1.3 years) and eight female (age 15.6 ± 0.9 years) swimmers completed both amino acids (AA) and placebo (PL) trials. The participants ingested 0.085 g/kg body weight BCAA, 0.05 g/kg body weight arginine and 0.05 g/kg body weight citrulline before the swim test in the AA trial. The average 50 m time was significantly shorter in the AA trial than that in the PL trial. The AA trial was faster than the PL trial in the first, second, and the seventh laps. The AA trial showed significantly higher plasma BCAA concentrations and lower tryptophan/BCAA ratio. The other biochemical parameters and ratings of perceived exertion were similar between the two trials. The results showed that BCAA, arginine, and citrulline, allowed the participants to swim faster in a high-intensity interval protocol in young swimmers.

Keywords: ammonia; central fatigue; nitric oxide; stroke count; stroke rate; tryptophan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study protocol. * RPE: ratings of perceived exertion. The symbols (↑) pointed out the actions at the specific time point.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The performance of the 8 × 50 m high-intensity interval swimming test in the AA (amino acids supplemented) and PL (placebo) trials. (A) the average lap time of each participant.* Significant difference between the AA and PL trials, p < 0.05; (B) the average time in each lap. Trial effect: p < 0.001; lap effect: p < 0.001; interaction effect: p < 0.001; * Significant difference between the AA and PL trials, p < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The performance of the 8 × 50 m high-intensity interval swimming test in the AA (amino acids supplemented) and PL (placebo) trials. (A) the average lap time of each participant.* Significant difference between the AA and PL trials, p < 0.05; (B) the average time in each lap. Trial effect: p < 0.001; lap effect: p < 0.001; interaction effect: p < 0.001; * Significant difference between the AA and PL trials, p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Plasma amino acid concentrations at baseline, before, and after the 8 × 50 m high-intensity interval swimming test in the AA (amino acids supplemented) and PL (placebo) trials. (A) Branched-chain amino acids, trial effect: p < 0.001; time effect: p < 0.001; interaction effect: p < 0.001. (B) Tryptophan, trial effect: p = 0.821; time effect: p < 0.001; interaction effect: p = 0.383. (C) Tryptophan/branched-chain amino acids ratio, trial effect: p < 0.001; time effect: p < 0.0001; interaction effect: p < 0.001; * Significantly different from the baseline in the same trial, p < 0.05; † AA trial vs. PL trial at the same time point, p < 0.05. Pre-Ex: before 8 × 50 m swim test; Post-Ex: immediately after 8 × 50 m swim test.
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