CD4 and Its Relevance to Advanced Glycation End Products in Tuberculosis Patients with Co-morbidity Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases found in developing countries. One of the risk factors for TB is diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia. The altered in glucose metabolism will cause dysfunction of phagocyte and antibacterial that furthermore impaired activation of natural killer cells, dendritic cells. These together will alter the balance of T-cell immunity. Under hyperglycemic conditions, AGEs (advanced glycation end products) was increasingly formed and was believed to play a role in cell dysfunctions and diabetic complications. The CD4 deficiency will alter the immunity status in diabetes and TB with co-morbidity diabetes.

Aim: This aim of this study was to evaluate CD4, and it's relevant to Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in TB with co-morbidity diabetes.

Methods: This is a case-control study with a total of 80 patients (40 diabetes and 40 TB with co-morbidity diabetes were recruited from Murni Teguh memorial Hospital Medan after ethical approval from Health Research Ethical Committee. The CD4, AGEs, Blood glucose and HbA1C were measured.

Results: There was no statistical difference of CD4, HbA1C and blood glucose within diabetes and TB with co-morbidity diabetes but BMI (p = 0.009) and AGEs (p = 0.001) did. The CD4 below 500 were seen in 15% diabetes and 25% in TB with co-morbidity diabetes but did not show statistical significance difference (p = 0.07). No correlation was found between CD4 and AGEs in TB with co-morbidity diabetes (p = 0.44).

Conclusion: The CD4 was not correlated significantly with AGEs.

Keywords: AGEs; CD4; Diabetes; TBs.

Figure 1

CD4 in diabetes and TB with co-morbidity diabetes; G1: diabetes; G2: TB with co-morbidity diabetes

Figure 2

AGEs in diabetes and TB with co-morbidity diabetes; G1: diabetes; G2: TB with co-morbidity diabetes