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. 2018 Dec 19;13(12):e0208250.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208250. eCollection 2018.

Soil nutrient loss through erosion: Impact of different cropping systems and soil amendments in Ghana

Janvier Bigabwa Bashagaluke  1   2   3 , Vincent Logah  1 , Andrews Opoku  1 , Joseph Sarkodie-Addo  1 , Charles Quansah  1
Affiliations

Soil nutrient loss through erosion: Impact of different cropping systems and soil amendments in Ghana

Janvier Bigabwa Bashagaluke et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Soil erosion is a multifactor threat to crop production and the environment. Most studies on soil erosion characterization have not focused on soil nutrient loss associated with erosion. The aim of this study was therefore to quantify the magnitude of nutrient loss through soil erosion under different cropping systems and amendments to inform agronomic practices in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A field experiment was carried out on runoff plots with different cropping systems (sole maize, sole cowpea, sole maize and maize intercropped with soybean) as main plots and soil amendments (biochar, NPK (Nitrogen +Phosphorus +Potassium) fertilizer, NPK + biochar and a control (no amendment)) constituting the subplots in a randomized complete block design. For each block, a bare plot was included to assess the efficiency of the different crop and soil management practices on soil erosion. The study was carried out in three consecutive cropping seasons in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. The bare plots had the highest amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) eroded: 33.88, 12.35 and 12.75 kg ha-1 respectively followed by the control plots with magnitude of 20.43, 8.42 and 7.87 kg ha-1 respectively for N, P and K. Sole maize had the highest amounts of nutrient loss: 19.71, 8.12 and 7.27 for N, P and K respectively compared to all the other cropping systems where the losses varied respectively from 12.38 to 17.12, 6.67 to 7.49 and 5.81 to 6.75 kg ha-1 The legume-based cropping systems under inorganic fertilizer and biochar management effectively reduced nutrient loss more than all other treatment combinations. The off-site effect of soil erosion expressed as enrichment ratio (ER) was higher for all plots, which received inorganic fertilizer inputs varying from 1.93 to 3.06 while the other treatments had ERs of 1.51 to 2.03. The ERs of fine soil particles were greater than 1 (ranging from 1.14 to 3.6) being relatively higher than that of coarse particles (sand) with values below 1 (ranging from 0.62 to 0.88). The least cumulative monetary value of nutrient loss (30.82 US$ ha-1) was observed under cowpea cropping system which received NPK + BC treatment. Soil erosion affected directly soil nutrient depletion through nutrient loss; however, integrated soil fertility management associated with legume-based cropping systems can be alternative options to reducing its effects on croplands in SSA.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Layout of runoff plot with the tipping bucket device for runoff and soil erosion assessment.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Collecting trough with aluzinc sheet at the end of each runoff plot and the mesh fixed between the channel and the collecting trough to retain the first portion of the runoff loads.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Cumulative soil nutrient loss on bare plots.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Sand enrichment ratio during the three cropping seasons.
The bars (1), (2) and (3) are LSD (5%) for 2016-major, 2016-minor and 2017-major 2017 Seasons, respectively, MZ = sole maize, SB = sole soybean, CW = sole cowpea and MZ+SB = maize and soybean intercrop.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Silt enrichment ratio during the three cropping season.
The bars (1), (2) and (3) are LSD (5%) for 2016-major, 2016-minor and 2017-major seasons, respectively; MZ = sole maize, SB = sole soybean, CW = sole cowpea and MZ+SB = maize and soybean intercrop.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Clay Enrichment ratio during the three-cropping seasons.
The bars (1), (2) and (3) are LSD (5%) for 2016-major 2016-minor and 2017-major seasons, respectively; MZ = sole maize, SB = sole soybean, CW = sole cowpea and MZ+SB = maize and soybean intercropped.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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