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. 2018 Dec 18;8(12):1068.
doi: 10.3390/nano8121068.

Synthesis of Pd-Fe System Alloy Nanoparticles by Pulsed Plasma in Liquid

Shota Tamura  1 , Tsutomu Mashimo  2 , Kenta Yamamoto  3 , Zhazgul Kelgenbaeva  4 , Weijan Ma  5 , Xuesong Kang  6 , Michio Koinuma  7 , Hiroshi Isobe  8 , Akira Yoshiasa  9
Affiliations

Synthesis of Pd-Fe System Alloy Nanoparticles by Pulsed Plasma in Liquid

Shota Tamura et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

We synthesized Pd-Fe series nanoparticles in solid solution using pulsed plasma in liquid with Pd-Fe bulk mixture electrodes. The Pd-Fe atomic percent ratios were 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1, and the particle size was measured to be less than 10 nm by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The nanoparticles showed face-centered cubic structure. The lattice parameter increased with increasing Pd content and followed Vegard's law, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra were consistent with the ratios of the starting samples, which showed a solid solution state. The solid solution structure and local structure were confirmed by HR-TEM and X-ray absorption fine structure.

Keywords: Pd-Fe alloy; nanoparticle; pulsed plasma in liquid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of pulsed-plasma-in-liquid method.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Waveform of output current.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD patterns of Pd-Fe alloy nanoparticles and of elemental Pd and Fe nanoparticles in upper (a) and bottom (b) samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Lattice parameter versus Pd ratio of Pd-Fe alloy nanoparticles and pure Pd (100%) nanoparticles. The Pd-Fe nanoparticles have atomic percent ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HR-TEM images of upper (a) and bottom (b) 1:1 Pd-Fe sample with particle diameter distribution.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HR-TEM images of upper (a) and bottom (b) 1:1 Pd-Fe sample with particle diameter distribution.
Figure 6
Figure 6
HR-TEM images of upper (a) and bottom (b) 1:1 Pd-Fe alloy nanoparticles with FFT pattern and surface spacing in the region enclosed in red.
Figure 7
Figure 7
HAADF-STEM image and EDX analysis of upper 1:3 (a); 1:1 (b); and 3:1 (c) Pd-Fe alloy nanoparticles.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Normalized XANES of Pd parts of nanoparticles.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Derivative XANES of Pd parts of nanoparticles.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Fourier transforms of the Pd K-edge EXAFS oscillation function k3χ(k). No phase shift corrections are made. The first sets of nearest peaks represent the Pd-Fe and Pd-Pd distances.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Optical emission spectrum from pulsed plasma in ethanol solution with Pd-Fe electrodes.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Illustration of Pd-Fe alloy nanoparticle formation via pulsed plasma in water.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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