Can psychopathology and neuroscience coexist in psychiatric classifications?
- PMID: 30581284
- PMCID: PMC6296387
- DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.3/macrocq
Can psychopathology and neuroscience coexist in psychiatric classifications?
Abstract
A crisis of confidence was triggered by the disappointment that diagnostic validity, an important goal, was not achieved with the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, which provides a framework for neuroscientific research, was initially conceptualized as an alternative to DSM. However, RDoC and DSM are complementary rather than mutually exclusive. From a historical perspective, this article argues that the debate opposing psychology and brain in psychiatric classification is not new and has an air of déjà vu. We go back to the first classifications based on a scientific taxonomy in the late 18th century with Boissier de Sauvages, which were supposed to describe diseases as they really existed in nature. Emil Kraepelin successfully associated psychopathology and brain research, prefiguring the interaction between DSM and RDoC. DSM symptoms remain valuable because they are the only data that are immediately and directly observable. Computational science is a promising instrument to interconnect psychopathological and neuroscientific data in the future.
El que no se haya cumplido el importante objetivo de la validez diagnóstica con la publicación del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5), ha provocado decepción y una crisis de confianza. El proyecto Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), que pro-porciona un marco para la investigación neurocientífica, se conceptualizó inicialmente como una alternativa al DSM. Sin embargo, RDoC y DSM son complementarios en lugar de excluirse mutuamente. Este artículo argumenta, desde una perspectiva histórica, que el debate entre la psicología y el cerebro en la clasificación psiquiátrica no es nuevo y tiene un aire de déjà vu. Las primeras clasificaciones del siglo XVIII (de Boissier de Sauvages) basadas en la taxonomía científica debían describir las enfermedades tal cual existían en la naturaleza. Emil Kraepelin asoció con éxito la psicopatología y la investigación del cerebro, anticipando la interacción entre DSM y RDoC. Los síntomas del DSM siguen siendo valiosos porque son los únicos datos que se pueden observar de forma inmediata y directa. La ciencia computacional es un instrumento prometedor para interconectar, en el futuro, datos psicopatológicos y neurocientíficos.
Une crise de confiance a été déclenchée par la déception que la validité diagnostique, un objectif important, n'ait pas été atteinte avec la publication du DSM 5. Le projet des critères de domaines de recherche (RDoC), qui fournit un cadre pour la recherche neuroscientifique, a d'abord été conçu comme une alternative au DSM. Cependant, le RDoC et le DSM sont complémentaires plutôt que mutuellement exclusifs. D'un point de vue historique, cet article soutient que le débat opposant la psychologie et le cerveau dans la classification psychiatrique n'est pas nouveau et a un air de déjà-vu. Nous revenons aux premières classifications fondées sur une taxonomie scientifique à la fin du XVIIIe siècle avec Boissier de Sauvages, qui étaient censées décrire les maladies, telles qu'elles existaient réellement dans la nature. Emil Kraepelin a associé avec succès la psychopathologie et la recherche sur le cerveau, préfigurant l'interaction entre le DSM et le RDoC. Les symptômes du DSM restent valables parce qu'ils sont les seules données qui sont immédiatement et directement observables. La science computationnelle est un instrument prometteur pour interconnecter les données psychopathologiques et neuroscientifiques à l'avenir.
Keywords: Boissier de Sauvages; DSM-5; ICD-10; ICD-11; Kraepelin; RDoC; Wernicke; classification; nosology; psychiatry.
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