Impact of subglottic secretion drainage on microaspiration in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study

Abstract

Background: Microaspiration is a major factor in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) pathophysiology. Subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) aims at reducing its incidence.

Methods: Single-center prospective observational study, performed in a French intensive care unit (ICU) from March 2012 to April 2013, including adult patients mechanically ventilated for at least 24 hours divided in two groups: patients in the SSD group intubated using tracheal tubes allowing SSD and patients in the control group intubated with standard tracheal tubes. Pepsin and salivary amylase concentrations were measured for 24 hours in all tracheal aspirates. Primary objective was to determine the impact of SSD on gastric or oropharyngeal microaspiration using pepsin or amylase concentration in tracheal aspirates.

Results: Fifty-five patients were included in the SSD group and 45 in the control group. No difference was found between groups regarding the incidence of microaspiration defined as at least one tracheal aspirate positive for either pepsin or amylase [49 (89%) vs. 37 (82%), P=0.469]. Percentage of patients with VAP [16 (29%) vs. 11 (24%), P=0.656], ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) [7 (13%) vs. 4 (9%), P=0.750] or early airway colonization [15 (35%) vs. 8 (18%), P=0.219] were not significantly different in study groups.

Conclusions: SSD did not reduce the incidence of microaspiration, VAP, VAT or airway colonization in this observational study.

Keywords: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); microaspiration; subglottic secretion drainage (SSD).