Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018;8(s1):S73-S78.
doi: 10.3233/JPD-181472.

Non-Dopaminergic Therapies

Affiliations
Review

Non-Dopaminergic Therapies

John G Nutt et al. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018.

Abstract

Currently all aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment are less than ideal and would benefit from new interventions. We focus on problems associated with brain neurotransmitters amenable to more specific subreceptor and temporal manipulation. In addition, we consider potentially treatable CNS non-PD co-pathologies or co-morbidities that may exacerbate progression of various aspects of PD.

Keywords: Acetylcholine; GABA; GBA; cognition; diabetes mellitus; falls; freezing of gait; glymphatic clearance; small vessel disease; β-amyloid.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
Neurotransmitter systems, proteonopathies, genes, CNS co-pathologies and medical co-morbidities all contribute to the clinical expression of the PD syndrome and may provide key therapeutic targets for symptomatic control of clinical symptoms and/or clinical disease modification.

References

    1. Farb DH, Ratner MH (2014) Targeting the modulation of neural circuitry for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Pharmacol Rev 66, 1002–1032. - PubMed
    1. Schindlbeck KA, Eidelberg D (2018) Network imaging biomarkers: Insights and clinical applications in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 17, 629–640. - PubMed
    1. Lopez IC, Ruiz PJ, Del Pozo SV, Bernardos VS (2010) Motor complications in Parkinson’s disease: Ten year follow-up study. Mov Disord 25, 2735–2739. - PubMed
    1. Bohnen NI, Frey KA, Studenski S, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Constantine GM, Scott PJ, Albin RL, Muller ML (2014) Extra-nigral pathological conditions are common in Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait: An in vivo positron emission tomography study. Mov Disord 29, 1118–1124. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bohnen NI, Albin RL, Muller ML, Petrou M, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Scott PJ, Frey KA (2015) Frequency of cholinergic and caudate nucleus dopaminergic deficits across the predemented cognitive spectrum of Parkinson disease and evidence of interaction effects. JAMA Neurol 72, 194–200. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms