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. 2018 Sep 30;12(3):310-320.
eCollection 2018 Sep.

Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran

Mohammad Amin Gorouhi  1   2 , Mohammad Ali Oshaghi  2 , Hassan Vatandoost  2   3 , Ahmad Ali Enayati  4 , Ahmad Raeisi  5 , Mohamad Reza Abai  2   3 , Yaser Salim-Abadie  6 , Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd  2   3 , Azim Paksa  2 , Fatemeh Nikpoor  2   3
Affiliations

Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran

Mohammad Amin Gorouhi et al. J Arthropod Borne Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Anopheles stephensi is a key urban malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East including south and southeast of Iran. Wide application of insecticides resulted in resistance of this species to various insecticides in these regions. This study was conducted to reveal the role of metabolic mechanisms in the development of resistance in An. stephensi to DDT and cyfluthrin.

Methods: Field mosquito specimens were collected from Chabahar Seaport, southeast corner of Iran, in 2015. Insecticide susceptibility and enzyme assays were conducted as recommended by WHO.

Results: Mean enzyme ratios were 3.95 and 3.04 for α- esterases and 2.40 and 1.97 for β- esterases in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations correspondingly compared with the susceptible strain. The GSTs enzyme mean activity ratios were 5.07 and 2.55 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations compared with the susceptible beech strain. The cytochrome p450s enzyme ratios were 1.11 and 1.28 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations respectively compared with the susceptible beech strain.

Conclusion: Metabolic mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of DDT and cyfluthrin resistance in An. stephensi, therefore, further evaluation of the mechanisms involved as well as implementation of proper insecticide resistance management strategies are recommended.

Keywords: Anopheles stephensi; Insecticide; Malaria; Resistance mechanisms.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
The map of the study area in Chabahar Seaport, Southeast of Iran
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Mortality rate (mean and SEM) of Anopheles stephensi Chabahar strain to six insecticides
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Mean and SEM activity profiles of P450, GST and α- and β-Esterase enzymes in the DDT resistant (R1), the Cyfluthrin resistant (R2), and the susceptible Beech-strain of Anopheles stephensi
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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