The comparative effects of ionic versus nonionic agents in cardiac catheterization

Abstract

Although all contrast media that are used in ventriculography and coronary arteriography have some adverse effects, clinical and laboratory experiences with nonionic contrast media have provided evidence of the lower toxicity and better tolerability associated with these agents. A review of comparative studies of nonionic and ionic contrast media is presented. The nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of ionic contrast agents are discussed. The advantages of the nonionic agent, iohexol, are outlined, and guidelines for its use are suggested.