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. 2018 Dec 18:13:23-35.
doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S182983. eCollection 2019.

Multimetal organic frameworks as drug carriers: aceclofenac as a drug candidate

Muder Al Haydar  1   2 , Hussein Rasool Abid  3   4 , Bruce Sunderland  5 , Shaobin Wang  6
Affiliations

Multimetal organic frameworks as drug carriers: aceclofenac as a drug candidate

Muder Al Haydar et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Multimetal organic frameworks (M-MOFs) were synthesized by including a second metal ion with the main base metal in the synthesis process to enhance their applications for drug delivery. Aceclofenac (ACF), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drug of low aqueous solubility, was selected as a candidate for the drug delivery system.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the loading capacity (LC) and entrapment efficiency (EE) percentages of multi-Material of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-100(Fe) (M-MIL-100(Fe)) for ACF.

Materials and methods: Hydrothermal synthesis procedure was used to prepare multi-MIL-100(Fe) samples (Zn I-MIL-100(Fe), Zn II-MIL-100(Fe), Ca I-MIL-100(Fe), Ca II-MIL-100-(Fe), Mg I-MIL-100(Fe), Mg II-MIL-100(Fe), Mn I-MIL-100(Fe), and Mn II-MIL-100(Fe)). The characterization of M-MIL-100(Fe) samples was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), TGA, and N2 adsorption isotherms. The LC of M-MIL-100(Fe) and EE of ACF were determined. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and zeta-potential analyses were employed to confirm qualitatively the drug loading within M-MIL-100(Fe).

Results: The ACF LC of MIL-100(Fe) was 27%, whereas the LC of M-MIL-100(Fe) was significantly increased and ranged from 37% in Ca I-MIL-100(Fe) to about 57% and 59% in Mn II-MIL-100(Fe) and Zn II-MIL-100(Fe), respectively. The ACF@M-MOFs release profiles showed slow release rates in phosphate buffer solutions at pH 6.8 and 7.4 as compared to the ACF@MIL-100(Fe).

Conclusion: Therefore, M-MOFs showed a significant potential as a carrier for drug delivery systems.

Keywords: MIL-100; Mixed metal-MOF; aceclofenac; drug delivery; drug loading.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical structure of aceclofenac.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRPD of MIL-100(Fe) and M-MIL-100(Fe) samples (where M is either Ca (A), Mg (B), Mn (C), or Zn (D)). Abbreviation: XRPD, X-ray powder diffraction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for MIL-100(Fe) (A) and M-MIL-100(Fe) (M is Ca (B), Mn (C), Mg (D), or Zn (E)) samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
NMR of ACF and corresponding M-MIL-100(Fe) samples (ACF and Ca-M-MIL-(Fe) I and II) (A), (ACF and Mg-MIL-100(Fe-) I and II) (B), (ACF and Mn-MIL-100(Fe) I and II) (C), and (ACF and Zn-MIL-100(Fe) I and II) (D). Abbreviations: ACF, aceclofenac; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The release profiles of (A–D) represent all ACF@M-MIL-100(Fe) (Zn, Mn, Mg, and Ca, respectively) samples in 50 mmol phosphate buffer (pH 6.8 and 7.4) at 37°C±1°C. Abbreviation: ACF, aceclofenac.
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