[Potential side effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents and children (review of foreign literature)]

Abstract

The article analyzes data on the safety of caffeine consumption by various population groups, mainly related to risk groups (pregnant and lactating women, adolescents and children), as well as the adult population, consumers of high doses of coffee. Based on the analysis of the data contained in the published studies, it was concluded that caffeine intake in the amount of 400 mg per day in healthy adults is not associated with obvious side effects in the cardiovascular system, significant changes in reproductive function, does not lead to any or any acute consequences and does not affect the exchange of calcium in bone tissue. In placebo-controlled studies it was found that caffeine, consumed in the range of 50 to 300 mg per day, did not cause serious side effects from the cardiovascular system and the cognitive functions of children and adolescents. In the study of a large group (3747) of children aged 15-16 years who consumed caffeine-containing beverages, according to the questionnaire surveyed, personal self-esteem increased and some behavioral disorders were observed. Studies by foreign authors confirm that consumption of caffeine by pregnant women also does not have side effects on fetal development.

Keywords: caffeine; caffeine-containing drinks; children and adolescents; pregnant and lactating; safety.