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. 2017 Oct-Dec;43(4):367-375.
doi: 10.12865/CHSJ.43.04.14. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

Clinical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Larynx Cancer

M S Ciolofan  1 , A N Vlăescu  2 , Carmen-Aurelia Mogoantă  1 , Elena Ioniță  3 , I Ioniță  3 , Alina-Nicoleta Căpitănescu  1 , Mihaela-Roxana Mitroi  1 , F Anghelina  1
Affiliations

Clinical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Larynx Cancer

M S Ciolofan et al. Curr Health Sci J. 2017 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Laryngeal cancer represents the malignant degeneration, of epithelial nature or from the connective tissue, which starts in the constitutive elements of the larynx. Cancer localization in the larynx represents between 1% and 3% of all malignant tumors and approximately 50% of ear, nose and throat (ENT) tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form (around 95%) of laryngeal cancer, with high incidence in human males from southern and central Europe, Romania occupying one of the top places.

Material and methods: Our study consisted of 490 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer from 2010 to 2016. They have been clinically, histologically, immunohistochemically, genetically, therapeutically and prognostically analyzed. Suspended microlaringoscopy has been the standard, allowing tumor extension evaluation and biopsy. All specimens were microscopically analyzed in standard or special histology stainings. For unclear histology specimens, immunohistochemical stainings were performed.

Results and discussions: Histological types have been represented as follows: 31 carcinomas in situ, 17 microinvasive carcinoma, 205 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 138 moderately differentiated carcinomas, 63 well differentiated carcinomas, 8 papillary carcinomas, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 1 chondrosarcoma, 6 basaloid squamous cell carcinomas, 4 verrucous carcinoma, 1 malignant melanoma.

Conclusions: The study brings to light the importance of integrated clinical, morphological and genetic evaluation of laryngeal cancer, regarding tumoral invasion grading and establishing an adequate surgical and oncologic treatment. The importance of immunohistochemistry in laryngeal cancer concerns prognosis factors which correlate with the evolution and histopathological degree of the lesion. The analysis of tumor invasion can lead to the development of therapeutic conduct and the establishment of prognostic markers.

Keywords: carcinoma; histology; immunohistochemistry; laryngeal cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Carcinoma in situ, H&E stain, x200
Figure 2
Figure 2
Poorly differentiated carcinoma, H&E stain, x100
Figure 3
Figure 3
Well differentiated carcinoma with keratin pearls formation, H&E stain, x100
Figure 4
Figure 4
Moderately differentiated carcinoma, H&E stain, x100
Figure 5
Figure 5
Verrucous carcinoma, H&E stain, x100
Figure 6
Figure 6
Basaloid carcinoma, H&E stain, x100
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chondrosarcoma, H&E stain, x 100
Figure 8
Figure 8
Malignant melanoma, H&E stain, x 200
Figure 9
Figure 9
EGFR strong immunoexpression in epithelial cells-G1 carcinoma, IHC anti-EGFR antibody, x200
Figure 10
Figure 10
Moderately differentiated carcinoma-EGFR expression in epithelial cells and stroma, IHC anti-EGFR, x 200
Figure 11
Figure 11
Laryngeal squamos carcinoma-PCNA is positive in 40% of tumor cells, IHC anti-PCNA, x100
Figure 12
Figure 12
Laryngeal squamos carcinoma-PCNA is positive in 60% of tumor cells, IHC anti-PCNA, x100
Figure 13
Figure 13
Laryngeal squamos carcinoma-p53 positive in 20% of tumor cells, IHC anti p53, x100
Figure 14
Figure 14
Laryngeal squamos carcinoma-CD44 positive in tumoral cell membrane, IHC anti-CD44, x200
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