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. 2019 Jan;40(1):3-13.
doi: 10.1542/pir.2018-0142.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children

Kevin Gipson  1 , Mengdi Lu  1 , T Bernard Kinane  1
Affiliations

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children

Kevin Gipson et al. Pediatr Rev. 2019 Jan.

Erratum in

  • Correction.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Pediatr Rev. 2019 May;40(5):261. doi: 10.1542/pir.405261. Pediatr Rev. 2019. PMID: 31043449 No abstract available.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest:

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Mallampati score and Friedman tonsil scale
The Mallampati score, while principally intended to help estimate the relative difficulty of intubation in pre-operative patients, is also useful in assessing the contribution of the upper airway anatomy on obstructive sleep breathing. The Friedman tonsil scale is useful for describing the size of tonsils in children, with a score of 0 representing surgically removed tonsils, and a size of 4 describing large tonsils that meet at the midline. Image courtesy of Namrita Jain, MD.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Example of obstructive sleep apnea as seen on polysomnography
In this example of 2 obstructive sleep apnea events, note the dampening of airflow tracings with ongoing evidence of respiratory effort as seen in the thoracic and abdominal tracings. CPAP= continuous positive airway pressure, EEG=electroencephalogram, EMG=electromyography. Image courtesy of Ellen Grealish, RPSGT, R.EEG T.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:. Example of central sleep apnea as seen on polysomnography
In this example of central sleep apnea, there is an absence of both airflow and respiratory effort. These central events are followed by arousals. CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure, EEG=electroencephalogram, EMG=electromyography. Image courtesy of Ellen Grealish, RPSGT, R.EEG T.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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