The Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke According to Waist Circumference in 21,749,261 Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Abstract

Background: Waist circumference (WC) is a well-known obesity index that predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD). We studied the relationship between baseline WC and development of incident myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS) using a nationwide population-based cohort, and evaluated if its predictability is better than body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Our study included 21,749,261 Koreans over 20 years of age who underwent the Korean National Health Screening between 2009 and 2012. The occurrence of MI or IS was investigated until the end of 2015 using National Health Insurance Service data.

Results: A total of 127,289 and 181,637 subjects were newly diagnosed with MI and IS. The incidence rate and hazard ratio of MI and IS increased linearly as the WC level increased, regardless of adjustment for BMI. When the analyses were performed according to 11 groups of WC, the lowest risk of MI was found in subjects with WC of 70 to 74.9 and 65 to 69.9 cm in male and female, and the lowest risk of IS in subjects with WC of 65 to 69.9 and 60 to 64.9 cm in male and female, respectively. WC showed a better ability to predict CVD than BMI with smaller Akaike information criterion. The optimal WC cutoffs were 84/78 cm for male/female for predicting MI, and 85/78 cm for male/female for predicting IS.

Conclusion: WC had a significant linear relationship with the risk of MI and IS and the risk began to increase from a WC that was lower than expected.

Keywords: Body mass index; Cardiovascular diseases; Cohort studies; National Health Programs; Observational study; Waist circumference.

Fig. 1. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke in 11 waist circumference levels according to sex difference. (A) Myocardial infarction. (B) Ischemic stroke.