Stabilizer Slicing: Coherent Error Cancellations in Low-Density Parity-Check Stabilizer Codes

Abstract

Coherent errors are a dominant noise process in many quantum computing architectures. Unlike stochastic errors, these errors can combine constructively and grow into highly detrimental overrotations. To combat this, we introduce a simple technique for suppressing systematic coherent errors in low-density parity-check stabilizer codes, which we call stabilizer slicing. The essential idea is to slice low-weight stabilizers into two equally weighted Pauli operators and then apply them by rotating in opposite directions, causing their overrotations to interfere destructively on the logical subspace. With access to native gates generated by three-body Hamiltonians, we can completely eliminate purely coherent overrotation errors, and for overrotation noise of 0.99 unitarity we achieve a 135-fold improvement in the logical error rate of surface-17. For more conventional two-body ion trap gates, we observe an 89-fold improvement for Bacon-Shor-13 with purely coherent errors which should be testable in near-term fault-tolerance experiments. This second scheme takes advantage of the prepared gauge degrees of freedom, and to our knowledge is the first example in which the state of the gauge directly affects the robustness of a code's memory. This Letter demonstrates that coherent noise is preferable to stochastic noise within certain code and gate implementations when the coherence is utilized effectively.