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Review
. 2019 Jul:25:101084.
doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101084. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

ROS and the DNA damage response in cancer

Upadhyayula Sai Srinivas  1 , Bryce W Q Tan  1 , Balamurugan A Vellayappan  2 , Anand D Jeyasekharan  3
Affiliations
Review

ROS and the DNA damage response in cancer

Upadhyayula Sai Srinivas et al. Redox Biol. 2019 Jul.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of short-lived, highly reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that can induce DNA damage and affect the DNA damage response (DDR). There is unequivocal pre-clinical and clinical evidence that ROS influence the genotoxic stress caused by chemotherapeutics agents and ionizing radiation. Recent studies have provided mechanistic insight into how ROS can also influence the cellular response to DNA damage caused by genotoxic therapy, especially in the context of Double Strand Breaks (DSBs). This has led to the clinical evaluation of agents modulating ROS in combination with genotoxic therapy for cancer, with mixed success so far. These studies point to context dependent outcomes with ROS modulator combinations with Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, indicating a need for additional pre-clinical research in the field. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the effect of ROS in the DNA damage response, and its clinical relevance.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; DDR; DNA damage response; ROS; Radiotherapy; Reactive Oxygen Species.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
An overview of interactions between ROS and the DDR.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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