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. 2018 Nov 26;8(24):12890-12904.
doi: 10.1002/ece3.4727. eCollection 2018 Dec.

Ranging patterns, spatial overlap, and association with dolphin morbillivirus exposure in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the Georgia, USA coast

Brian Balmer  1   2   3 , Eric Zolman  1   2   3 , Teri Rowles  4 , Cynthia Smith  3 , Forrest Townsend  5 , Deborah Fauquier  4 , Clay George  6 , Tracey Goldstein  7 , Larry Hansen  3 , Brian Quigley  1   2 , Wayne McFee  2 , Jeanine Morey  1   2   3 , Patricia Rosel  8 , Jerry Saliki  9 , Todd Speakman  1   2 , Lori Schwacke  2   3
Affiliations

Ranging patterns, spatial overlap, and association with dolphin morbillivirus exposure in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the Georgia, USA coast

Brian Balmer et al. Ecol Evol. .

Abstract

During 2013-2015, an outbreak of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) occurred in the western North Atlantic, which resulted in the stranding of over 1,600 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). There are currently five coastal and 10 bay, sound, and estuary dolphin stocks along the U.S. Atlantic coast, yet there is very limited understanding of which stocks were exposed to DMV during the recent outbreak, or how DMV was transmitted across stocks. In order to address these questions, information is needed on spatial overlap and stock interactions. The goals of this project were to determine ranging patterns, prevalence of DMV, and spatial overlap of the South Carolina-Georgia (SC-GA) Coastal Stock, and adjacent Southern Georgia Estuarine System (SGES) Stock. During September 2015, a health assessment and telemetry study was conducted in which 19 dolphins were captured, tested for antibodies to DMV, and satellite tagged. Dolphins were classified into one of three ranging patterns (Coastal, Sound, or Estuary) based upon telemetry data. Coastal dolphins (likely members of the SC-GA Coastal Stock) had a significantly higher prevalence of positive DMV antibody titers (0.67; N = 2/3), than Sound and Estuary dolphins (likely members of the SGES Stock) (0.13; N = 2/16). These results suggest that the SC-GA Coastal Stock may have experienced greater exposure to DMV as compared to the SGES Stock. However, due to the small size of the SGES Stock and its exposure to high levels of persistent contaminants, this stock may be particularly vulnerable to DMV infection in the future.

Keywords: bottlenose dolphin; morbillivirus; movement patterns; spatial overlap; telemetry.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Western North Atlantic common bottlenose dolphin bay, sound, and estuary (BSE), and coastal stock structure (adapted from Hayes et al., 2017). BSE stock boundaries include the estuarine and nearshore waters (≤1 km from shore). Coastal stock boundaries include primarily estuarine and inshore waters (≤20 m deep) with evidence for some coastal stocks to extend into continental shelf waters
Figure 2
Figure 2
Georgia health assessment and telemetry study area and capture locations for free‐ranging common bottlenose dolphins (N = 19). Letter (Z) and two‐digit number (♀, odd; ♂, even) are identifiers for individual tagged dolphins
Figure 3
Figure 3
Male, 17 years old, common bottlenose dolphin, Z40, with SPOT‐299A satellite transmitter (Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA, USA)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Time‐at‐Depth (TAD) (a) and dive duration (b) percentages for the five common bottlenose dolphins tagged with SPLASH transmitters
Figure 5
Figure 5
50% and 95% utilization distributions (UDs) and capture location with dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) titer for the Coastal, Sound, and Estuary ranging patterns
Figure 6
Figure 6
Spatial overlap across 95% utilization distributions (UDs) for the Coastal, Sound, and Estuary ranging patterns; Complete Overlap—all three ranging patterns, Partial Overlap—two of the three ranging patterns, No Overlap—one of the three ranging patterns
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