Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Sep;4(3):28-33.
doi: 10.18502/cmm.4.3.173.

Invasive candidiasis and candidemia in pediatric and neonatal patients: A review of current guidelines

Eleni Vasileiou  1 , Athanasia Apsemidou  2 , Timoleon-Achilleas Vyzantiadis  3 , Athanasios Tragiannidis  4
Affiliations
Review

Invasive candidiasis and candidemia in pediatric and neonatal patients: A review of current guidelines

Eleni Vasileiou et al. Curr Med Mycol. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

Several international and national guidelines have been proposed for the treatment and prevention of invasive candidiasis/candidemia (IC/C) in both neonatal and pediatric patients. This article is a review of the current guidelines, recommendations, and expert panel consensus of a number of associations and conferences on the prevention and management of IC and candidemia in both pediatric and neonatal patients. The investigated resources included the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the European Conference on Infection in Leukaemia, the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the German Speaking Mycological Society/Paul-Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, as well as the Canadian, Middle Eastern, and Australian guidelines. Echinocandins and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) are the first-line agents in the treatment of IC and candidemia both for immunocompetent and immunocompromised pediatric patients. The recommendations suggested to keep patients under sterile conditions for at least 14 days after blood cultures as the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment. Guidelines addressing the neonates recommended to use L-AmB, deoxycholate AmB (D-AmB), and fluconazole based on three main principles of no previous exposure to azoles, the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment, and control of predisposing underlying conditions. Despite minor differences among the investigated guidelines, general treatment recommendations suggest the prompt initiation of antifungal treatment and control of all predisposing underlying conditions.

Keywords: Candidemia; Children; Guidelines; Invasive candidiasis; Neonates; Prevention; Treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest and are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

References

    1. Pana ZD, Roilides E, Warris A, Groll AH, Zaoutis T. Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017;6(Suppl 1):S3–11. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tragiannidis A, Tsoulas C, Kerl K, Groll AH. Invasive candidiasis: update on current pharmacotherapy options and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14(11):1515–8. - PubMed
    1. Beck-Sague CM, Jarvis WR. Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. J Infect Dis. 1993;167(5):1247–51. - PubMed
    1. Edmont MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK, Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three year analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(2):239–44. - PubMed
    1. Cesaro S, Tridello G, Blijlevens N, Ljungman P, Craddock C, Michallet M, et al. Incidence, risk factors and long-term outcome of acute leukemia patients with early Candidemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation A study by the acute leukemia and infectious diseases working parties of EBMT. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(4):564–72. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources