Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)

doi:10.3390/ijerph16010121

. 2019 Jan 4;16(1):121.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010121.

Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)

Daniele Donati¹, Valentina Biagioli², Claudia Cianfrocca³, Maria Grazia De Marinis⁴, Daniela Tartaglini⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy. d.donati@unicampus.it.
² Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy. valentina.biagioli@pec.ipasvi.roma.it.
³ Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy. c.cianfrocca@unicampus.it.
⁴ Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. m.demarinis@unicampus.it.
⁵ Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. d.tartaglini@unicampus.it.

PMID: 30621210
PMCID: PMC6339176
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010121

Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)

Daniele Donati et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019.

. 2019 Jan 4;16(1):121.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010121.

Authors

Daniele Donati¹, Valentina Biagioli², Claudia Cianfrocca³, Maria Grazia De Marinis⁴, Daniela Tartaglini⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy. d.donati@unicampus.it.
² Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy. valentina.biagioli@pec.ipasvi.roma.it.
³ Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy. c.cianfrocca@unicampus.it.
⁴ Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. m.demarinis@unicampus.it.
⁵ Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. d.tartaglini@unicampus.it.

PMID: 30621210
PMCID: PMC6339176
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010121

Abstract

Background: The compliance with Standard Precautions (SPs) guidelines, as a primary strategy for the prevention of healthcare associated infections, is still suboptimal among healthcare providers. However, no instrument measuring nurses' compliance with SPs is available in Italian. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precaution Scale⁻Italian version (CSPS-It) among clinical nurses.

Methods: The study consisted of two phases: (1) translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CSPS; (2) validity and reliability evaluation of the CSPS-It. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hypothesis testing were performed to evaluate the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient of test-retest scores, and item-total correlations were computed to establish reliability.

Results: The CSPS-It showed a sound validity and reliability. The unidimensional model tested at CFA yielded acceptable fit indices. The hypothesis testing supported better nurses' compliance based on participation in at least one training course on SPs.

Conclusions: The CSPS-It is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the compliance with SPs among clinical nurses. This version will allow for the conduction of further studies in favor of progress in this specific field of research. Managers should pay greater attention in monitoring compliance with SPs among clinical nurses.

Keywords: guideline compliance; infection control; instrument validation; nursing; standard precautions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Methodological steps of phase 1.

**Figure 2**
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Compliance with Standard Precaution Scale–Italian version (CSPS-It).

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References

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1. Bates D.W., Larizgoitia I., Prasopa-Plaizier N., Jha A.K. Research Priority Setting Working Group of the WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety. Global priorities for patient safety research. BMJ. 2009;338:b1775. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1775. - DOI - PubMed
1. Allegranzi B., Nejad S.B., Combescure C., Graafmans W., Attar H., Donaldson L., Pittet D. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377:228–241. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61458-4. - DOI - PubMed
1. Andersson A.E., Bergh I., Karlsson J., Nilsson K. Patients’ experiences of acquiring a deep surgical site infection: An interview study. Am. J. Infect. Control. 2010;38:711–717. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.03.017. - DOI - PubMed
1. Siegel J.D., Rhinehart E., Jackson M., Chiarello L. Health Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 Guideline for isolation precautions: Preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am. J. Infect. Control. 2007;35(Suppl. 2):S65–S164. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] WHO Report on the Burden of Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide. A Systematic Review of the Literature. [(accessed on 17 September 2017)];2011 Available online: www.who.int/gpsc/countrywork/burdenhcai/en/index.html.

[2] WHO Report on the Burden of Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide. A Systematic Review of the Literature. [(accessed on 17 September 2017)];2011 Available online: www.who.int/gpsc/countrywork/burdenhcai/en/index.html.

[3] Bates D.W., Larizgoitia I., Prasopa-Plaizier N., Jha A.K. Research Priority Setting Working Group of the WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety. Global priorities for patient safety research. BMJ. 2009;338:b1775. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1775. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Bates D.W., Larizgoitia I., Prasopa-Plaizier N., Jha A.K. Research Priority Setting Working Group of the WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety. Global priorities for patient safety research. BMJ. 2009;338:b1775. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1775. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Allegranzi B., Nejad S.B., Combescure C., Graafmans W., Attar H., Donaldson L., Pittet D. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377:228–241. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61458-4. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Allegranzi B., Nejad S.B., Combescure C., Graafmans W., Attar H., Donaldson L., Pittet D. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;377:228–241. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61458-4. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Andersson A.E., Bergh I., Karlsson J., Nilsson K. Patients’ experiences of acquiring a deep surgical site infection: An interview study. Am. J. Infect. Control. 2010;38:711–717. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.03.017. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Andersson A.E., Bergh I., Karlsson J., Nilsson K. Patients’ experiences of acquiring a deep surgical site infection: An interview study. Am. J. Infect. Control. 2010;38:711–717. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.03.017. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Siegel J.D., Rhinehart E., Jackson M., Chiarello L. Health Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 Guideline for isolation precautions: Preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am. J. Infect. Control. 2007;35(Suppl. 2):S65–S164. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Siegel J.D., Rhinehart E., Jackson M., Chiarello L. Health Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 Guideline for isolation precautions: Preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am. J. Infect. Control. 2007;35(Suppl. 2):S65–S164. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)

Affiliations

Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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