Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Jan 8;12(1):19.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3285-7.

First evidence of the presence of genotype-1 of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex gelidus in Indonesia

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito  1   2   3 , Mega Tyas Prihatin  4 , Lulus Susanti  4 , Dhian Prastowo  4 , Siti Rofiatus Sa'adah  4 , Yulian Taviv  5 , Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto  6 , Joko Waluyo  4 , Sylvie Manguin  7   8 , Roger Frutos  7   9   10
Affiliations

First evidence of the presence of genotype-1 of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex gelidus in Indonesia

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: Japanese encephalitis has become a public health threat in Indonesia. Three genotypes have been recorded in Indonesia, i.e. genotype II (GII), genotype III (GIII) and genotype IV (GIV). Genotype I (GI) and genotype V (GV) have never been reported in Indonesia.

Results: A Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belonging to the genotype I-a (GI-a) has been isolated for the first time from a Culex gelidus mosquito in the Province of Jambi, Indonesia. This virus is related to a 1983 isolate from Thailand whereas the infected Cx. gelidus mosquito belonged to a Chinese haplotype.

Conclusions: Surveillance of JEV and mosquito dissemination is recommended.

Keywords: Culex gelidus; Genotype I; Indonesia; Japanese encephalitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The ethical clearance for primary data was obtained from the authorities of the Ethics Commitee of the National Institute of Health Reserach and Development, Ministry of Health of Indonesia (number LB.02.01/5.2/KE.020/2017).

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of Indonesia and of the province of Jambi. The Bungo, Tanjung Jabung Barat and Sarolangun districts where the sampling was conducted are located on the map. Black dots represent the sampling locations in each district (6 per district)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Electrophoretic analysis of JEV NS3 PCR products. Lane K+, positive control; Lane K-, negative control; Lane 107, Sample 107 (JE/mosq/jambi107/2017)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Phylogenetic tree positioning JE/mosq/jambi107/2017 in comparison to 16 JEV reference strains. Reference JEV sequences were obtained from GenBank. Reference sequences are identified by their accession number. JE/mosq/jambi107/2017 (KF192510.1) is shown in a box and marked by a red triangle. The sequence from this study is marked by a red triangle. The phylogenetic analysis was performed with the maximum likelihood method using the Tamura-Nei model (TN93) as evolutionary model. Node bootstraps were calculated with 2000 replicates. Bootstrap values < 70 are not shown. The tree was rooted with 2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) sequences as outgroups. The scale-bar indicates the number of nucleotide subtitutions per site
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cook S, Moureau G, Kitchen A, Gould EA, de Lamballerie X, Holmes EC, et al. Molecular evolution of the insect-specific flaviviruses. J Gen Virol. 2012;93:223–234. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.036525-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Soedarmo SP, Wuryadi S, Suroso T. Regional workshop on control strategies for Japanese encephalitis. Nonthaburi, Thailand, 4–6 October. 1994. Japanese encephalitis in Indonesia.
    1. Schuh AJ, Guzman H, Tesh RB, Barrett ADT. Genetic diversity of Japanese encephalitis virus isolates obtained from the Indonesian archipelago between 1974 and 1987. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013;13:479–488. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0870. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pan X-L, Liu H, Wang H-Y, Fu S-H, Liu H-Z, Zhang H-L, et al. Emergence of genotype I of Japanese encephalitis virus as the dominant genotype in Asia. J Virol. 2011;85:9847–9853. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00825-11. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fan YC, Lin JW, Liao SY, Chen JM, Chen YY, Chiu HC, et al. Virulence of Japanese encephalitis virus genotypes I and III, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23:1883–1886. doi: 10.3201/eid2311.161443. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources