Gendered differences in academic emotions and their implications for student success in STEM

Abstract

Background: Understanding student anxiety is an important factor for broadening the gender diversity of STEM majors due to its disproportionate and negative influence on women. To investigate how student anxiety is related to other academic emotions I conducted open-ended interviews with 19 university students and analyzed the data using emergent grounded theory. Emergent grounded theory uses inductive and deductive reasoning to develop a model of cognition and human behavior.

Results: Data analysis led to the development of a detailed theoretical model outlining connections among student anxiety, positive and negative academic emotions, self-regulated learning, and performance. In addition, the data highlight important emotional differences between men and women that have the potential to influence retention in STEM. Specifically, the model elaborates on the concept of a self-deprecating cycle driven by negative academic emotions and suggests that women may be more likely to become trapped in this cycle.

Conclusion: The model incorporates students' emotions as a powerful influence on performance and can be used to inform strategies aimed at changing how university students experience and deal with emotions such as student anxiety.

Keywords: Emotion; Gender; Grounded theory; STEM; Self-regulated learning; Student anxiety.

Fig. 1

Emergent model representing the data analyzed in this study. Lines connecting and the category labels represent the interpreted semantic relationships between the linked categories

Fig. 2

Graph showing the percent difference between the number of quotations from male and female participants for each emergent category. Percent differences were calculated relative to the number of quotations from female participants