Nasal virome of dogs with respiratory infection signs include novel taupapillomaviruses

Abstract

Using viral metagenomics, we characterized the mammalian virome of nasal swabs from 57 dogs with unexplained signs of respiratory infection showing mostly negative results using the IDEXX Canine Respiratory Disease RealPCR™ Panel. We identified canine parainfluenza virus 5, canine respiratory coronavirus, carnivore bocaparvovirus 3, canine circovirus and canine papillomavirus 9. Novel canine taupapillomaviruses (CPV21-23) were also identified in 3 dogs and their complete genome sequenced showing L1 nucleotide identity ranging from 68.4 to 70.3% to their closest taupapillomavirus relative. Taupapillomavirus were the only mammalian viral nucleic acids detected in two affected dogs, while a third dog was coinfected with low levels of canine parainfluenza 5. A role for these taupapillomavirues in canine respiratory disease remains to be determined.

Keywords: Canine; Next generation sequencing; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus; Respiratory infection; Taupapillomavirus.

Fig. 1

Phylogenetic analysis of all currently sequenced canine papillomaviruses. Genomes from this study are marked with solid triangles. a Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the concatenated alignment of E1, E2, L1 and L2 from new taupapilloma virus and 24 other PV types of different species and genera. b The L1 gene nucleotide sequences were aligned using MAFFT in Geneious v10.1.3., and phylogenetic tree was derived using the neighbor-joining method. Abbreviations used include canine papillomavirus, CPV; Felis catus (cat) papillomavirus, FcaPV; Mustela putorius papillomavirus (ferret), MpPV; Vulpes vulpes papillomavirus (fox), VvPV