Chondrosarcoma in Norway 1990-2013; an epidemiological and prognostic observational study of a complete national cohort

Abstract

Background: Knowledge of chondrosarcoma (CS) of bone to date is based on institutional reports and registry publications with limits in reporting, detail and quality of data.

Method: We have performed a retrospective search of CS of bone in the National Cancer Registry in Norway from 1990-2013, cross checked against local tumor databases with further quality control and supplementation of all data from clinical files. The time period is defined by the routine use of axial imaging in clinical practice. A total of 311 cases are included. We performed 108 pathological reviews and 223 radiological reviews. The manuscript was prepared according to the STROBE checklist for strengthening of observational studies. We performed uni-/multivariate cox analyses to define independent prognostic variables from the main cohort of central CS of bone.

Results: The incidence of CS of bone in Norway is 2.85/million/yr. for both sexes overall, rising to 3.45/million/yr. in the last 5-year period. There is an increase in the most common central CS subtype, stronger for women than for men. Central CS had, in general 10-15% local recurrence rates, all evident by 5 years while metastasis rate increases with location and grade. Exceptions are extremity grade 1 CS which displayed no metastatic events and axial grade-3 disease with high rates (50%) of both local and metastatic relapse. Peripheral CS had limited metastatic potential (2%), but rates of local relapse (13%) continue to appear towards 10 years of follow up. Malignancy grade 3 independently predicts rate of metastasis and presence of soft tissue component predicts local recurrence, metastasis and survival.

Conclusion: Rates of local recurrence, metastasis and disease specific survival follow clear patterns depending on subtype, location and grade allowing better tailoring of follow-up regimes. Malignancy grade 3 and the presence of a soft tissue component independently predict behavior for central CS of bone.