Inadequacies of micronutrient intake in normal weight and overweight young adults aged 18-25 years: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to assess adequacy in micronutrient intake in comparison with reference nutrient intakes (RNI) and to identify differences in intakes between normal weight and overweight individuals.

Study design: A sample of 542 university students (18-25 years), normal weight (N = 369) and overweight (N = 173), were included in a cross-sectional study.

Methods: A three-day diet diary was used to assess energy and nutrient intake. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured.

Results: Mean dietary vitamin D intake was lower than RNI in both men (4.44 μg) and women (5.04 μg). Mean intakes of calcium (597.44 mg), iron (8.62 mg) and folate (171.29 mg) were also lower than recommendations in women. Weight status (normal weight versus overweight) was significantly associated with micronutrient intake, and a trend towards a decrease in vitamin and mineral intake with increasing weight was noted.

Conclusions: Results suggest the need to increase the intake of some micronutrients to meet the RNI, to ensure optimal health. This study provides a helpful tool to reinforce recommendations and potential health promotion and intervention strategies in university settings and could influence manufacturers involved in new food product development targeted to this young population.

Keywords: Micronutrient inadequacies; Micronutrient intake; Obesity; Poor diet; University students; Young adults.