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Review
. 2019 Jan;10(1):35-42.
doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2017-100901. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: where are we in 2018?

Durayd Alzoubaidi  1 , Laurence B Lovat  1 , Rehan Haidry  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: where are we in 2018?

Durayd Alzoubaidi et al. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2019 Jan.

Abstract

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies in the UK. Despite advancement in technology the management of AUGIB remains a challenge. The clinical community recognise the need for improvement in the treatment of these patients. AUGIB has a significant impact on resources. Endoscopic therapy is the gold standard treatment. The mortality in AUGIB is rarely related to the presenting bleed but significantly associated with concurrent comorbidities. The cost of blood transfusion in the management of patients with AUGIB is significant and misuse of blood products has been documented nationally. Risk stratification tools such as Glasgow-Blatchford Score, Rockall Score and the AIMS65 score have allowed clinicians to triage patients appropriately in order to deliver endoscopic therapy within a suitable time frame. Endoscopic therapeutic modalities such as epinephrine injection, heat thermocoagulation and mechanical clips have had a positive impact on patient's management. However, in order to continue to improve patient's outcomes, further developments are needed.

Keywords: bleeding; bleeding peptic ulcer; endoscopy; gastrointestinal bleeding.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different types of bleed based on the Forrest Classification.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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