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. 2018 Dec;21(4):249-257.
doi: 10.3831/KPI.2018.21.028. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

The Preventive Effects of Standardized Extract of Zataria multiflora and Carvacrol on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat: - Zataria multiflora and Carvacrol and Hepatotoxicity

Reza Mohebbati  1 , Maryam Paseban  1 , Farimah Beheshti  1 , Mohammad Soukhtanloo  2 , Mohammad Naser Shafei  3 , Hasan Rakhshandeh  4 , Abolfazl Khajavi Rad  1   3
Affiliations

The Preventive Effects of Standardized Extract of Zataria multiflora and Carvacrol on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat: - Zataria multiflora and Carvacrol and Hepatotoxicity

Reza Mohebbati et al. J Pharmacopuncture. 2018 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: The hepatotoxicity induced by Acetaminophen (AAP) mostly mediated by effect on oxidative stress parameters. The Zataria multiflora (Z.M) is an herbal medicine with well-known antioxidant effect. The aim of this study is investigation of preventive effects of Z.M and Carvacrol (CAR) on AAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups including: 1) Control, 2) Acetaminophen (AAP), 3) and 4) CAR. The saline, Z.M (200 mg/kg) and CAR (20 mg/kg) were administrated orally for 6 days, after that AAP (600 mg/kg) was administrated in the 7th day. Blood sampling was performed on the first and last days. Also, the liver tissue was removed for evaluation of Malondyaldehide (MDA), Thiol content, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). Total Protein (tPro), Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in liver tissue were evaluated. The changes (Δ) of enzymes activities were presented.

Results: The Δ GOT, Δ GPT and Δ ALP in CAR group significantly decreased compared to AAP group (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001) and Δ GPT in Z.M group was significantly reduced in comparison with AAP group (P < 0.05). Also, MDA, Thiol, SOD and CAT levels in treated groups were attenuated compared to AAP group (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Z.M and CAR have a powerful hepatoprotective effect. CAR is more effective than Z.M. Based on the results. Z.M and CAR could be potent supplementary agents against hepatotoxicity of AAP in patients.

Keywords: Zataria multiflora; acetaminophen; carvacrol; hepatotoxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Acetaminophen structure [28]
Figure 2
Figure 2
Metabolic and hepatotoxicity pathways of AAP [28]
Figure 3
Figure 3
Carvacrol structure [29]
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes (Δ) of different parameters induced by AAP group in comparison with Co group (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. *:P < 0.05, **:P < 0.01, compared to Co group. Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, GOT: Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase, GPT: Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase, tPro: total Protein
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison the changes (Δ) of Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) in four experimental groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. *:P < 0.05, compared to Co group ##:P < 0.01, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparison the changes (Δ) of Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. **:P < 0.01, compared to Co group #:P < 0.05, ###:P < 0.001, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparison the changes (Δ) of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) concentration between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. *:P < 0.05, compared to Co group ##:P < 0.01, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comparison the changes (Δ) of tPro between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. There is no difference between groups. Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 9
Figure 9
Comparison of Malondyaldehide (MDA) concentration between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. *:P < 0.05, compared to Co group #:P < 0.05, ##:P < 0.01, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 10
Figure 10
Comparison of Thiol concentration between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. ***:P < 0.001, compared to Co group #:P < 0.05, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 11
Figure 11
Comparison of CAT activity between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. ##:P < 0.01, ###:P < 0.001, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
Figure 12
Figure 12
Comparison of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity between four groups (n=6 in each group). Values are the Mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with tukey post hoc. *:P < 0.05, compared to Co group ###:P < 0.001, compared to AAP group Co: Control, AAP: Acetaminophen, Z.M: Zataria multiflora + AAP, CAR: Carvacrol + AAP
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