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Review
. 2019 Jan 17;6(1):12.
doi: 10.3390/children6010012.

Neuroblastoma: Tumor Biology and Its Implications for Staging and Treatment

Kyle J Van Arendonk  1 , Dai H Chung  2
Affiliations
Review

Neuroblastoma: Tumor Biology and Its Implications for Staging and Treatment

Kyle J Van Arendonk et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, has widely variable outcomes dependent on the specific biology of the tumor. In this review, current biologic principles that are used to stratify risk and guide treatment algorithms are discussed. The role for surgical resection in neuroblastoma is also reviewed, including the indications and timing of surgery within the greater treatment plan.

Keywords: neuroblastoma; oncology; pathology; pediatric; surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification [3] (Reprinted with permission from Peuchmaur M. et al.: Cancer 98(10): 2274–2281. © 2003 American Cancer Society. All rights reserved.). FH: favorable histology; UH: unfavorable histology. GNBn—ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular; MKC—mitotic and karyorrhectic cells; MKI—mitosis-karyorrhexis index; **: 2% = 100 of 5000 cells, 4% = 200 of 5000 cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2
International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) pre-treatment classification system [12] (Reprinted with permission from Cohn S. et al.: J. Clin. Oncol. 27(2): 289–297. © 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved.). GN—ganglioneuroma; GNB—ganglioneuroblastoma; Amp—amplified; NA—not amplified; blank fields represent any value.
Figure 3
Figure 3
INRG staging system [13] (Reprinted with permission from Monclair T. et al.: J. Clin. Oncol. 27(2): 298–303. © 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved.).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Image-defined risk factors for the INRG classification system [13] (Reprinted with permission from Monclair T. et al.: J. Clin. Oncol. 27(2): 298–303. © 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved.).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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