Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2019 Jan 17;11(1):188.
doi: 10.3390/nu11010188.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Hormones, and Liver Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Zeeshan Javed  1 , Maria Papageorgiou  2   3 , Harshal Deshmukh  4 , Eric S Kilpatrick  5 , Vincent Mann  6 , Lynsey Corless  7 , George Abouda  8 , Alan S Rigby  9 , Stephen L Atkin  10 , Thozhukat Sathyapalan  11
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Hormones, and Liver Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Zeeshan Javed et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic-fatty-liver disease (NAFLD). Vitamin D supplementation may exert positive effects on liver biochemistry in patients with NAFLD; however, its effects on PCOS are unknown. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study explored the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose levels, insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hormones (free androgen index (FAI), testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and liver markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hyaluronic acid (HA), N-terminal pro-peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score). Forty women with PCOS were recruited and randomized to vitamin D (3200 IU) or placebo daily for 3 months. All outcomes were measured at baseline and 3 months follow-up (FU). Greater increases in vitamin D levels were shown in the supplementation group (vitamin D, baseline: 25.6 ± 11.4 nmol/L, FU: 90.4 ± 19.5 nmol/L vs. placebo, baseline: 30.9 ± 11.1 nmol/L, FU: 47.6 ± 20.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Between groups comparisons (% baseline change) revealed significant differences in ALT (p = 0.042) and a weak effect indicating a greater reduction in the HOMA-IR in the vitamin D group (p = 0.051). No further between group differences were seen in other cardiovascular risk factor, liver markers, or hormones. This study supports beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on liver markers and modest improvements in insulin sensitivity in vitamin D deficient women with PCOS.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors; hormones; liver markers; polycystic ovary syndrome; vitamin D.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart showing the progress of patients throughout the trial.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Azziz R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 2018;132:321–336. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002698. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wild R.A., Carmina E., Diamanti-Kandarakis E., Dokras A., Escobar-Morreale H.F., Futterweit W., Lobo R., Norman R.J., Talbott E., Dumesic D.A. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: A consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010;95:2038–2049. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2724. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cai J., Wu C.H., Zhang Y., Wang Y.Y., Xu W.D., Lin T.C., Li S.X., Wang L.H., Zheng J., Sun Y., et al. High-free androgen index is associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, independent of obesity and insulin resistance. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 2017;41:1341–1347. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.116. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Macut D., Tziomalos K., Bozic-Antic I., Bjekic-Macut J., Katsikis I., Papadakis E., Andric Z., Panidis D. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and lipid accumulation product in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum. Reprod. 2016;31:1347–1353. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew076. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chalasani N., Younossi Z., Lavine J.E., Diehl A.M., Brunt E.M., Cusi K., Charlton M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2012;107:811–826. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.128. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms