Neck and Shoulder Motor Function following Neck Dissection: A Comparison with Healthy Control Subjects

Abstract

Objective: To compare the neck and shoulder motor function of patients following neck dissection, including comparison with a group of healthy volunteers.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Two tertiary hospitals in Brisbane, Australia.

Subjects and methods: Participants included patients 0.5 to 5 years after unilateral nerve-sparing neck dissection and healthy control subjects. Demographic and clinical information was collected with cervical and shoulder motor function measures (scapular resting position, active range of motion, and isometric muscle strength). Differences between groups were examined via regression analyses that included statistical adjustment for the potential effect of age, sex, body mass index, and other disease-related variables.

Results: The 57 patients (68%, men; median age, 62 years) were typically older than the 34 healthy controls (47%, men; median age, 46 years). There were no differences between types of nerve-preserving neck dissection for any of the motor function measures. When adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, healthy volunteers (vs patients) had significantly greater cervical range (eg, extension coefficient [95% CI]: 11.04° [4.41°-17.67°]), greater affected shoulder range (eg, abduction: 16.64° [1.19°-31.36°]), and greater isometric strength of the cervical flexors (eg, men: 4.24 kgf [1.56-6.93]) and shoulder flexors (eg, men: 8.00 kgf [1.62-14.38]).

Conclusions: Strength and flexibility of the neck and shoulder are impaired following neck dissection in comparison with healthy controls. Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to consider the neck-and the neck dissection as a whole-as a source of motor impairment for these patients and not just the status of the accessory nerve.

Keywords: head and neck neoplasms; neck; neck dissection; physical therapy; shoulder; strength.