Statins, metformin, proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sex hormones: Immunomodulatory properties?
- PMID: 30673921
- DOI: 10.1007/s11154-018-9478-8
Statins, metformin, proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sex hormones: Immunomodulatory properties?
Erratum in
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Correction to: Statins, metformin, proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sex hormones: Immunomodulatory properties?Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2019 Jun;20(2):251-252. doi: 10.1007/s11154-019-09493-0. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2019. PMID: 30903391
Abstract
The immune system is closely intertwined with the endocrine system. Many effects of medications used for various clinical endocrine conditions such as the metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Graves' disease and others also have an impact on the immune system. Some drugs including statins, metformin, angiotensin converting enzyme and proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sex hormones are known to have immunomodulatory properties. We here review the literature on this topic and provide some clinical examples including the use of statins in Graves' orbitopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and adult-onset Still's disease. In that context, we introduce a special immunodiagnostics method developed at the Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch" in Karlsburg, Germany, to not only measure but also monitor immune disease activity.
Keywords: Autoantigen; Autoimmune; Flow cytometry; Immune; Interleukin 2; Lupus; Metformin; Multiple sclerosis; Orbitopathy; PCSK9; Rheumatoid arthritis; Somatostatin; Statin; Testosterone; Thyroid.
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