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Review
. 2019 Jan 1;23(1):19-25.
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0337.

Is there a connection between gestational diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and tuberculosis?

M Alexander  1 , A Gupta  2 , J S Mathad  3
Affiliations
Review

Is there a connection between gestational diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and tuberculosis?

M Alexander et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. .

Abstract
in English, French, Spanish

Pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance similar to that found in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in key tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries, such as India and China, has been increasing rapidly in the last decade and may be higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected women. Pregnancy is also an independent risk factor for developing active TB; however, little is known about the interaction of GDM, HIV and TB. We review the epidemiology and immunology of GDM, and significant research gaps in understanding the interactions between GDM, pregnancy, and TB in women living with and those without HIV.

La grossesse est associée à une reésistance à l’insuline similaire à celle du diabéte (DM) de type 2. La prévalence du diabéte gestationnel (GDM) dans des pays clés d’endémie de tuberculose (TB), comme l’Inde et la Chine, a rapidement augmenté au cours de la derniére décennie et est peut-être plus élevée chez les femmes infectées par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH). La grossesse est également un facteur de risque indépendant de développement d’une TB active mais on connaît mal l’interaction du GDM, du VIH et de la TB. Dans cet article, nous revoyons l’éipidéimiologie, l’immunologie et les lacunes significatives de la recherche en matiére de compréhension des interactions entre GDM, grossesse et TB parmi les femmes vivant avec et sans le VIH.

El embarazo se asocia con una resistencia a la insulina semejante a la que se observa en los casos de diabetes (DM) de tipo 2. La prevalencia de DM gestacional (GDM) en grandes países con tuberculosis (TB) endémica como la India y la China ha aumentado muy rápido en los últimos 10 años y es tal vez mayor en las mujeres infectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El embarazo constituye también un factor de riesgo independiente de padecer TB activa, pero se conoce poco sobre la interacción de la GDM, la infección por el VIH y la TB. En el presente artículo se analizaron aspectos epidemiológicos, inmunológicos y las importantes lagunas científicas en la comprensión de las interacciones entre la GDM, el embarazo y la TB en mujeres con infección por el VIH o sin esta infección.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: none declared.

Figures

Figure
Figure
During pregnancy, increased levels of sex steroids reduce the inflammatory response (adapted with the kind permission of Elsevier Inc.). This image can be viewed online in color at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/ijtld/2019/00000023/00000001/art000…
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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