Reported Adverse Drug Reactions in Children and Adolescents Treated with Antipsychotics

Abstract

Objectives: To characterize reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics and determine differences in relative reporting frequency between genders, age classes, and reporter types.

Methods: Individual case safety reports of children ages 1 - 17 years in whom an antipsychotic drug was the suspected or interacting drug from the worldwide database, VigiBase, from 1968 until March 2017, were included. Reported ADRs were categorized based on the Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Queries and clinical reasoning. Proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for genders, age classes, and reporter types.

Results: In total, 45,201 reported ADRs were included. The most frequently reported were ADRs related to extrapyramidal syndrome (14.7%), breast disorders or blood prolactin level changes (4.7%), and cardiac arrhythmias (4.6%). Differences in relative reporting frequencies were observed between age classes and reporter types, and less prominent between genders. For example, ADRs related to hyperglycemia/new-onset diabetes mellitus were less frequently reported in children ages 1 - 5 than in children ages 12 - 17 (PRR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2 - 0.5). ADRs related to cardiac arrhythmias were less frequently reported by consumers compared with health care professionals (PRR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.5 - 0.6), whereas ADRs related to a change in weight/body mass index were more frequently reported by consumers (PRR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.9 - 3.5).

Conclusion: A wide spectrum of ADRs were reported in children treated with antipsychotics. The relative differences in reporting frequency between age classes and reporter types can be of help to tailor information about possible ADRs and to monitor for ADRs.

Keywords: adolescent; adverse drug reaction; antipsychotic agents; child; pharmacovigilance.