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Review
. 2019 Jan 10:9:1542.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01542. eCollection 2018.

Factors Associated With Response and Resistance to Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review

Stefano Barlati  1   2 , Giacomo Deste  1 , Alessandro Galluzzo  1 , Anna Paola Perin  2 , Paolo Valsecchi  2 , Cesare Turrina  1   2 , Antonio Vita  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Factors Associated With Response and Resistance to Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review

Stefano Barlati et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is a central feature of schizophrenia and has shown to play a crucial role in the psychosocial function of the disorder. Over the past few years, several cognitive remediation (CR) interventions have been developed for schizophrenia, whose effectiveness has also been widely demonstrated by systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies. Despite these evidences, many questions remain open. In particular, the identification of CR response predictors in patients with schizophrenia is still a topic with equivocal findings and only a few studies have looked for the relationship between CR response or resistance and the biological, socio-demographic, clinical and cognitive features in schizophrenia. The current knowledge on positive or negative response predictors to CR treatment in schizophrenia include: age, duration of illness, premorbid adjustment, baseline cognitive performance, intrinsic motivation, hostility, disorganized symptoms, neurobiological reserve, genetic polymorphisms, the amounts of antipsychotics, the type of CR, etc. The aim of this review is to identify neurobiological, psychopathological, cognitive, and functional predictors of CR response or resistance in schizophrenia, taking into account both cognitive and functional outcome measures. The information obtained could be very useful in planning integrated and personalized interventions, also with a better use of the available resources.

Keywords: cognitive improvement; cognitive remediation; functional improvement; predictors; schizophrenia; treatment personalization.

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