Correlations between the Helkimo indices and the maximal mandibular excursion capacities of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) may present with diverse signs and symptoms, and one very significant is the limitation of mandibular movements. Additionally, the Helkimo indices allow for the reliable quantification of the signs and symptoms of TMD. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there are any correlations between the Helkimo indices and the maximal mandibular excursion capacity in a group of patients with TMD. Eighty patients (72 women and 8 men, mean age 33.6 years) with diagnosis of TMD according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were evaluated to obtain the Helkimo indices and their maximal mandibular excursion capacities. Normal or decreased maximum mandibular movements, i.e., opening, lateral and protrusion were compared with the anamnestic index, muscular pain symptoms, joint pain symptoms and the dysfunction index. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare normal and decreased movement capacities in terms of the Helkimo indices, and the muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. There were statistically significant differences in the clinical dysfunction index with the maximum opening (p = .011) and lateral movements (p = .024) but not with the maximum protrusion. There were no significant differences in the anamnestic index or the muscle pain and TMJ pain items of the clinical dysfunction index according to the mandibular excursions. The occurrences of limitations in the maximum opening and lateral movements are indications of greater TMD intensity.

Keywords: Facial pain; Range of motion; Signs and symptoms; Temporomandibular joint.