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Review
. 2018 Spring;13(2):125-135.
Epub 2018 Jul 17.

A Review of Driver Genetic Alterations in Thyroid Cancers

Fatemeh Khatami  1 , Seyed Mohammad Tavangar  2
Affiliations
Review

A Review of Driver Genetic Alterations in Thyroid Cancers

Fatemeh Khatami et al. Iran J Pathol. 2018 Spring.

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is a frequent endocrine-related malignancy with continuously increasing incidence, and recently the development in understanding its molecular pathogenesis is mainly through the explanation of the original role of several key signaling pathways and related molecular distributors. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these pathways such as mutation and DNA rearrangements. However, it does not mean that all the somatic abnormalities in a cancer genome are involved in cancer development and just driver mutations are concerned in tumor initiation. By way of illustrations, MAPK pathway motivated by BRAF V600E and RAS and RET / PTC rearrangements are suggesting driver genetic alterations in follicular derived thyroid cancers considered in the current review.

Keywords: MAP kinase signaling system; Proto Oncogene Protein B raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Thyroid Cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stepwise dedifferentiation of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The MAPK and related pathways in thyroid cancer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic of BRAF V600E mutation. Functional domains of BRAF are depicted. CR1: conserved regions 1. CR2: conserved region 2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The PI3K–AKT and related pathways in thyroid cancer (37).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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