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. 2019 Jan;24(1):137-146.
doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.04952017.

Survival of elderly outpatients: effects of frailty, multimorbidity and disability

[Article in Portuguese, English]
Daniel Eduardo da Cunha Leme  1 , Raquel Prado Thomaz  1 , Flávia Silvia Arbex Borim  1 , Sigisfredo Luiz Brenelli  1 , Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira  1 , André Fattori  1
Affiliations
Free article

Survival of elderly outpatients: effects of frailty, multimorbidity and disability

[Article in Portuguese, English]
Daniel Eduardo da Cunha Leme et al. Cien Saude Colet. 2019 Jan.
Free article

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

This study aims to analyze the impact of frailty, multimorbidity and disability on the survival of elderly people attended in a geriatric outpatient facility, and identify the clinical risk factors associated with death. It is a longitudinal study, with 133 elderly people initially evaluated in relation to frailty, multimorbidity (simultaneous presence of three or more chronic diseases) and disability in Daily Life Activities. The Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze survival time, and the Cox regression was used for association of the clinical factors with death. In follow-up over six years, 21.2% of the participants died, survival being lowest among those who were fragile (p < 0.05). The variables frailty (HR = 2.26; CI95%: 1.03-4.93) and Chronic Renal Insufficiency (HR = 3.00; CI95%: 1.20-7.47) were the factors of highest risk for death in the multivariate analysis. Frailty had a negative effect on the survival of these patients, but no statistically significant association was found in relation to multimorbidity or disability. Tracking of vulnerabilities in the outpatient geriatric service is important, due to the significant number of elderly people with geriatric syndromes that use this type of service, and the taking of decisions on directions for care of these individuals.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da fragilidade, da multimorbidade e da incapacidade funcional na sobrevida de idosos assistidos em ambulatório de geriatria e identificar os fatores clínicos de risco associados ao óbito. Estudo longitudinal, com 133 idosos avaliados inicialmente em relação à fragilidade, multimorbidade (presença simultânea de 3 doenças crônicas ou mais) e perda funcional nas Atividades de Vida Diária. Utilizou-se o método Kaplan Meier, para a análise de sobrevida, e a regressão de Cox, para a associação dos fatores clínicos com o óbito. Após seguimento de seis anos, 21,2% dos participantes faleceram, sendo a sobrevida menor entre os idosos frágeis (p < 0,05). As variáveis fragilidade (HR = 2,26; IC95%: 1,03-4,93) e Insuficiência Renal Crônica (HR = 3,00; IC95%: 1,20-7,47) foram fatores de maiores riscos para óbito na análise multivariada. A fragilidade impactou negativamente na sobrevida desses pacientes, porém não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa em relação à multimorbidade e perda funcional. O rastreio de vulnerabilidades no serviço ambulatorial de geriatria é relevante, em virtude do número expressivo de idosos portadores de síndromes geriátricas que utilizam este tipo de atendimento e do direcionamento dos cuidados desses indivíduos.

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