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. 2019 Jan 29;24(3):483.
doi: 10.3390/molecules24030483.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant Essential Oils Extracted by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction, Subcritical Extraction and Hydrodistillation

Xiao Guan  1 , Depeng Ge  2 , Sen Li  3 , Kai Huang  4 , Jing Liu  5 , Fan Li  6
Affiliations

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant Essential Oils Extracted by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction, Subcritical Extraction and Hydrodistillation

Xiao Guan et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant essential oil could be used as a good antimicrobial flavouring agent and applied in the food industry. In this study, three methods, including simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE), subcritical extraction and hydrodistillation, were applied to extract A. argyi essential oil. Compared with subcritical extraction (1%) and hydrodistillation (0.5%), SDE gave a higher yield (1.2%). Components of the essential oils were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the most abundant ingredients were caryophyllene oxide, neointermedeol, borneol, α-thujone and β-caryophyllene. These five components accounted for 82.93%, 40.90% and 40.33% for SDE, subcritical extraction, and hydrodistillation, respectively. Based on agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, SDE oil showed a significant inhibitory effect towards Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella enteritidis and Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, electron microscope observations (SEM) confirmed that SDE oil could obviously deform cell morphology and destroy the structure of cell walls. Performances showed that SDE was a promising process for extracting A. argyi essential oil with both high yield and antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Artemisia argyi; antimicrobial activity; essential oil; simultaneous distillation extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The major chemical components of Artemisia argyi essential oils (in percentages, average of a duplicate assay).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inhibition zones of Artemisia argyi essential oils against various microorganisms.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MICs of Artemisia argyi essential oils against various microorganisms.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of S. aureus treated with Artemisia argyi essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (A1), subcritical extraction (A2) and SDE (A3) at the MICs, respectively. And (A4) is control sample.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of E. coli treated with Artemisia argyi essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (B1), subcritical extraction (B2) and SDE (B3) at the MICs, respectively. And (B4) is control sample.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic diagram of subcritical extraction experimental apparatus. Parts of the apparatus are numbered as follows: 1. Butane solvent storage pot; 2. Extraction agent; 3. Knockout drum; 4. Solvent bottle; 5. Control panel; 6. Condenser; 7. Compressor; 8. Filter; 9. Water pump; 10. Spherical value; 11. Hot water tank; 12. Piezometer; 13. Thermometer; 14. Collection bottle.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic diagram of SDE experimental apparatus. Parts of the apparatus are numbered as follows: 1. Thermostat; 2. extraction agent (water); 3. mixing zone of water steam and n-hexane steam; 4. condenser; 5. extraction cell; 6. cooling jacket; 7. phase separation tube; 8. valve; 9. reaction flask containing n-hexane; 10. thermostat; 11. collection bottle.
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