Cervical Cancer and Its Precursors: A Preventative Approach to Screening, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

Cervical cancer affects the cells lining the cervix, most commonly occurring in the cells of the transformation zone. Screening for cervical cancer looks to detect preinvasive disease, allowing for intervention before invasive disease develops. an assessment of individual risk factors, Selection of screening method depends on patient age, her screening history and results, and resources available. Screening has resulted in well-documented declines in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Guidelines continue to evolve as new data emerge. Although cervical cancer prevention strategies include interventions directed toward limiting number of sexual partners, condom use, and reduction in cigarette smoking, vaccination represents the most direct targeted strategy.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Colposcopy; Human papillomavirus vaccine; Papanicolaou test.