Steroid biomarkers in human adrenal disease

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.018

Review

. 2019 Jun:190:273-280.

doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.018. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Steroid biomarkers in human adrenal disease

Juilee Rege¹, Adina F Turcu², Tobias Else², Richard J Auchus³, William E Rainey⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
² Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
³ Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
⁴ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States. Electronic address: WER@umich.edu.

PMID: 30707926
PMCID: PMC6707065
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.018

Review

Steroid biomarkers in human adrenal disease

Juilee Rege et al. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Jun.

. 2019 Jun:190:273-280.

doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.018. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Authors

Juilee Rege¹, Adina F Turcu², Tobias Else², Richard J Auchus³, William E Rainey⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
² Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
³ Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
⁴ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States. Electronic address: WER@umich.edu.

PMID: 30707926
PMCID: PMC6707065
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.018

Abstract

Adrenal steroidogenesis is a robust process, involving a series of enzymatic reactions that facilitate conversion of cholesterol into biologically active steroid hormones under the stimulation of angiotensin II, adrenocorticotropic hormone and other regulators. The biosynthesis of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal-derived androgens occur in separate adrenocortical zones as a result of the segregated expression of steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors. This mini review provides the principles of adrenal steroidogenesis, including the classic and under-appreciated 11-oxygenated androgen pathways. Several adrenal diseases result from dysregulated adrenal steroid synthesis. Herein, we review growing evidence that adrenal diseases exhibit characteristic modifications from normal adrenal steroid pathways that provide opportunities for the discovery of biomarker steroids that would improve diagnosis and monitoring of adrenal disorders.

Keywords: Adrenal; Adrenal disease; Androgens; Biomarkers; Steroids.

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Figures

**Fig. 1.**
Normal Adrenal Steroidogenesis Pathway

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References

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[1] Arnold J, Ein beitrag zu der feiner struktur und dem chemismus der nebennieren., Virchows Arch., 35 (1866) 64–107.

[2] Arnold J, Ein beitrag zu der feiner struktur und dem chemismus der nebennieren., Virchows Arch., 35 (1866) 64–107.

[3] Vinson GP, Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH, Microsc Res Tech, 61 (2003) 227–239. - PubMed

[4] Vinson GP, Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH, Microsc Res Tech, 61 (2003) 227–239. - PubMed

[5] Vinson GP, Ho MM, Origins of zonation: the adrenocortical model of tissue development and differentiation, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl, 25 (1998) S91–96. - PubMed

[6] Vinson GP, Ho MM, Origins of zonation: the adrenocortical model of tissue development and differentiation, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl, 25 (1998) S91–96. - PubMed

[7] Hornsby PJ, Biosynthesis of DHEAS by the human adrenal cortex and its age-related decline, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 774 (1995) 29–46. - PubMed

[8] Hornsby PJ, Biosynthesis of DHEAS by the human adrenal cortex and its age-related decline, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 774 (1995) 29–46. - PubMed

[9] Parker LN, Odell WD, Control of adrenal androgen secretion, Endocr Rev, 1 (1980) 392–410. - PubMed

[10] Parker LN, Odell WD, Control of adrenal androgen secretion, Endocr Rev, 1 (1980) 392–410. - PubMed

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Steroid biomarkers in human adrenal disease

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Steroid biomarkers in human adrenal disease

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