The impact of irradiance on UVB-induced cutaneous immunosuppression: Implications on administering most efficient phototherapy

Abstract

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) is commonly used for treating dermatologic conditions. Recently, high irradiance UVB (HIUVB) has been suggested to be more effective for treating skin conditions as compared to its low irradiance (LI) counterpart. The biological impact of UVB radiation emitted at different irradiance on cutaneous immunity remains obscure.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impacts of UVB radiation administered at equivalent fluence (mJ/cm²) but different irradiance (mW/cm²) on cutaneous immune response.

Methods: Cultured bone marrow derived dendritic cell (BMDC) were treated with equivalent fluence of UVB radiation with HIUVB or LIUVB. The phenotypic and functional alterations of BMDCs were documented. Animal models were used to validate the in vitro results in vivo and explore the mechanisms involved.

Results: After equivalent fluence of UVB radiation, the HIUVB treated BMDC showed significantly lower MHCII and CD86 expressions, reduced capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation, and enhanced activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activated genes as compared to control while their LIUVB treated counterpart showed no significant change. Using animal model, the HIUVB induced significantly higher immune suppressive effect in mice as compared to their LIUVB counterpart after equivalent fluence of UVB treatment. The superior immune suppressive effect of HIUVB over LIUVB radiation was not observed when similar experiments were performed using AhR-deficient mice.

Conclusion: We propose irradiance played an important role modulating UVB-induced cutaneous immune suppression. Future works on UVB phototherapy, both clinical and research, should incorporate this important parameter into consideration.

Keywords: Immune suppression; Irradiance; Phototherapy; aryl hydrocarbon receptor.