Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Feb 3;11(2):330.
doi: 10.3390/nu11020330.

Diet-Gut Microbiota Interactions and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Valentina Ponzo  1 , Debora Fedele  2 , Ilaria Goitre  3 , Filomena Leone  4 , Antonela Lezo  5 , Clara Monzeglio  6 , Concetta Finocchiaro  7 , Ezio Ghigo  8 , Simona Bo  9
Affiliations
Review

Diet-Gut Microbiota Interactions and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Valentina Ponzo et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Medical nutritional therapy is the first-line approach in managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Diet is also a powerful modulator of the gut microbiota, whose impact on insulin resistance and the inflammatory response in the host are well known. Changes in the gut microbiota composition have been described in pregnancies either before the onset of GDM or after its diagnosis. The possible modulation of the gut microbiota by dietary interventions in pregnancy is a topic of emerging interest, in consideration of the potential effects on maternal and consequently neonatal health. To date, very few data from observational studies are available about the associations between diet and the gut microbiota in pregnancy complicated by GDM. In this review, we analyzed the available data and discussed the current knowledge about diet manipulation in order to shape the gut microbiota in pregnancy.

Keywords: diet; gestational diabetes mellitus; microbiota; pregnancy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gut microbiota changes during the course of normoglycemic pregnancies and GDM pregnancies. GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus. upward arrows mean an increased abundance, downward arrows mean a decreased abundance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Sacks D.A., Hadden D.R., Maresh M., Deerochanawong C., Dyner A.R., Metzger B.E., Lowe L.P., Coustan D.R., Hod M., Oats J.J.N., et al. and for the HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. Frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus at collaborating centers based on IADPSG consensus panel-recommended criteria: The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. Diabetes Care. 2012;353:526–528. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1641. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhu Y., Zhang C. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes: A global perspective. Curr. Diab. Rep. 2016;16:7. doi: 10.1007/s11892-015-0699-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:S13–S27. doi: 10.2337/dc18-S002. - DOI - PubMed
    1. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. Metzger B.E., Lowe L.P., Dyer A.R., Trimble E.R., Chaovarindr U., Coustan D.R., Hadden D.R., McCance D.R., Hod M., et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N. Eng. J. Med. 2008;358:1991–2002. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707943. - DOI
    1. Schneider S., Hoeft B., Freerksen N., Fischer B., Roehrig S., Yamamoto S., Maul H. Neonatal complications and risk factors among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Obstet. Gyn. Scan. 2011;90:231–237. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01040.x. - DOI - PubMed