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. 2019 Jan;24(5):1700847.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.5.1700847.

First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to controlling arboviral diseases

Shinji Kasai  1 , Beniamino Caputo  2 , Takashi Tsunoda  3 , Tran Chi Cuong  4 , Yoshihide Maekawa  1 , Sai Gek Lam-Phua  5 , Verena Pichler  2 , Kentaro Itokawa  1   6 , Katsunori Murota  1   6 , Osamu Komagata  1 , Chigusa Yoshida  1 , Han-Hsuan Chung  7 , Romeo Bellini  8 , Yoshio Tsuda  1 , Hwa-Jen Teng  7 , José Luiz de Lima Filho  9 , Luiz Carlos Alves  10   9 , Lee Ching Ng  6 , Noboru Minakawa  3 , Nguyen Thi Yen  4 , Tran Vu Phong  4 , Kyoko Sawabe  1 , Takashi Tomita  1
Affiliations

First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to controlling arboviral diseases

Shinji Kasai et al. Euro Surveill. 2019 Jan.

Abstract

IntroductionAedes albopictus (Skuse) is an important vector of arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus disease. Monitoring insecticide resistance and mechanisms by which the mosquito develops resistance is crucial to minimise disease transmission.AimTo determine insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in Ae. albopictus from different geographical regions.MethodsWe sampled 33 populations of Ae. albopictus from Asia, Europe and South America, and tested these for susceptibility to permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. In resistant populations, the target site for pyrethroids, a voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) was genotyped. Three resistant sub-strains, each harbouring a resistance allele homozygously, were established and susceptibilities to three different pyrethroids (with and without a cytochrome P450 inhibitor) were assayed.ResultsMost populations of Ae. albopictus tested were highly susceptible to permethrin but a few from Italy and Vietnam (4/33), exhibited high-level resistance. Genotyping studies detected a knockdown resistance (kdr) allele V1016G in Vssc for the first time in Ae. albopictus. Two previously reported kdr alleles, F1534C and F1534S, were also detected. The bioassays indicated that the strain homozygous for the V1016G allele showed much greater levels of pyrethroid resistance than other strains harbouring F1534C or F1534S.ConclusionThe V1016G allele was detected in bothAsian and Italian Ae. albopictus populations, thus a spread of this allele beyond Italy in Europe cannot be ruled out. This study emphasises the necessity to frequently and regularly monitor the V1016G allele in Ae. albopictus, particularly where this mosquito species is the main vector of arboviruses.

Keywords: Aedes albopictus; V1016G; dengue; kdr; pyrethroid resistance; voltage-sensitive sodium channel.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mortalities of adult Aedes albopictus after exposures to permethrin, September 2015–June 2017 (n = 31 populations)a
Figure 2
Figure 2
Log dosage-probit mortality lines of six Aedes albopictus strains topically exposed to: (A, B) permethrin, (C, D) etofenprox and (E, F) deltamethrin, September 2015–October 2017 (n = 12,145 mosquitoes)
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