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Review
. 2019 Mar;181(1):126-134.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31687. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Clinical developmental, neuropsychological, and social-emotional features of Turner syndrome

Christa Hutaff-Lee  1   2 , Elizabeth Bennett  2   3 , Susan Howell  2   3 , Nicole Tartaglia  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Clinical developmental, neuropsychological, and social-emotional features of Turner syndrome

Christa Hutaff-Lee et al. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2019 Mar.

Abstract

Individuals with Turner syndrome (TS) are at risk for a constellation of neurocognitive and psychosocial differences, although there is significant individual variability in these features. TS is associated with an increased risk for difficulties with visual-spatial reasoning, visual-spatial memory, attention, executive functioning, motor, and math skills. Additionally, increased rates of social difficulties, anxiety, and depression are observed. There can be significant interplay between all of these factors contributing to the behavioral phenotype. Neuropsychological features and previous research are reviewed. Clinical considerations and recommendations for evaluation and treatment of psychological and behavioral difficulties are provided, including consideration of medical features in TS, as well as therapies, educational supports, and medication treatment. Future research is needed to evaluate effectiveness of different treatments for neuropsychological and psychosocial features of TS, including modification and validation of existing evidence-based treatments and new approaches to care.

Keywords: ADHD; anxiety; autism spectrum disorder; executive function; learning disability; turner syndrome.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Females with TS are at risk for different neuropsychological deficits and social-emotional difficulties that can interact with each other and that contribute to the variability in the overall neuropsychological phenotype in girls with TS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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