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. 2019 Nov;23(11):4099-4105.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-019-02846-8. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Relationship between periodontal inflammation and calcium channel blockers induced gingival overgrowth-a cross-sectional study in a Japanese population

Shinji Matsuda  1 , Ai Okanobu  2 , Saki Hatano  2 , Mikihito Kajiya  2 , Shinya Sasaki  2 , Yuta Hamamoto  2 , Tomoyuki Iwata  2 , Kazuhisa Ouhara  2 , Katsuhiro Takeda  2 , Noriyoshi Mizuno  2 , Tsuyoshi Fujita  2 , Hidemi Kurihara  2
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Relationship between periodontal inflammation and calcium channel blockers induced gingival overgrowth-a cross-sectional study in a Japanese population

Shinji Matsuda et al. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Nov.

Abstract

Objectives: Periodontal inflammation is regarded as a risk factor for drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). In order to elucidate the involvement of periodontal inflammation in DIGO, the periodontal status of subjects who do not develop DIGO despite receiving causative drugs (non-responders) needs to be examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study which was a pilot study was to assess periodontal inflammatory variables in responders (calcium channel blocker induced-GO patients), non-responders, and patients who did not receive causative drugs (non-consumers).

Materials and methods: The following parameters were measured: (1) existence of gingival overgrowth, (2) number of teeth, (3) mean periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and (4) percentage of positive sites for bleeding on probing (BOP). The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) and the PISA/PESA ratio which indicated the degree of periodontal inflammation in each patient were also used to evaluate periodontal inflammation.

Results: Thirteen responders, 32 non-responders, and 83 non-consumers were included in the analyses. The mean PPD, percentage of BOP, PESA, and PISA, and the PISA/PESA ratio were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders and non-consumers (p < 0.01). The BOP, PISA, and PISA/PESA ratio were significantly lower in non-responders than in non-consumers (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between PPD and age in non-consumers. On the other hand, a negative correlation was noted between PPD and age in non-responders.

Conclusions: Periodontal inflammation may be associated with the initiation of DIGO.

Clinical relevance: It could be speculated that periodontal therapy before the administration of calcium channel blockers may prevent the development of gingival overgrowth.

Keywords: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth; PISA; Periodontal inflammation; Side effect.

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