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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2019 Apr;51(4):440-455.
doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.12.001. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Food, Health, & Choices: Curriculum and Wellness Interventions to Decrease Childhood Obesity in Fifth-Graders

Pamela Ann Koch  1 , Isobel R Contento  2 , Heewon L Gray  3 , Marissa Burgermaster  4 , Lorraine Bandelli  2 , Emily Abrams  2 , Jennifer Di Noia  5
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Food, Health, & Choices: Curriculum and Wellness Interventions to Decrease Childhood Obesity in Fifth-Graders

Pamela Ann Koch et al. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2019 Apr.

Erratum in

  • Corrigendum.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020 Jun;52(6):667. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.04.005. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020. PMID: 32527417 No abstract available.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate Food, Health, & Choices, two 10-month interventions.

Design: Cluster-randomized, controlled study with 4 groups: curriculum, wellness, curriculum plus wellness, and control.

Setting: Twenty elementary schools (5/group) in New York City.

Participants: Fifth-grade students (n = 1,159). At baseline, 44.6% were at the ≥85th body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and 86% qualified for free or reduced-price lunch.

Intervention: Curriculum was 23 science lessons based on social cognitive and self-determination theories, replacing 2 mandated units. Wellness was classroom food policy and physical activity bouts of Dance Breaks.

Main outcome measures: For obesity, age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles were used (anthropometric measures). The researchers also employed 6 energy balance-related behaviors and 8 theory-based determinants of behavior change (by questionnaire).

Analysis: Pairwise adjusted odds in hierarchical logistic regression models were determined for >85th BMI percentile. Behaviors and theory-based determinants were examined in a 2-level hierarchical linear model with a 2 × 2 design for intervention effects and interactions.

Results: Obesity showed no change. For behaviors, there was a negative curriculum intervention change in physical activity (P = .04). The wellness intervention resulted in positive changes for sweetened beverages frequency (P = .05) and size (P = .006); processed packaged snacks size (P = .01); candy frequency (P = .04); baked good frequency (P = .05); and fast food frequency (P = .003), size (P = .01), and combo meals (P = .002). Theory-based determinants demonstrated no change.

Conclusions and implications: The findings of the lack of a decrease in obesity, behavior changes only for the wellness intervention, and no changes in theory-based determinants warrant further research.

Keywords: elementary school; nutrition education curriculum; obesity prevention; school-based; wellness policy.

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