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Review
. 2019 Jan-Feb;27(1):64-68.
doi: 10.1590/1413-785220192701190288.

RADIOACTIVE CEMENT OF PMMA AND HAP-Sm-153, Ho-166, OR RE-188 FOR BONE METASTASIS TREATMENT

Carlos Julio Montaño  1 , Tarcisio Passos Ribeiro de Campos  1
Affiliations
Review

RADIOACTIVE CEMENT OF PMMA AND HAP-Sm-153, Ho-166, OR RE-188 FOR BONE METASTASIS TREATMENT

Carlos Julio Montaño et al. Acta Ortop Bras. 2019 Jan-Feb.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Polymethylmetacrylte (PMMA) is used in the fields of dentistry and biomedicine as a constituent of bone cements. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic produced naturally in the bones. PMMA and HAp are fundamental constituents in the preparation of bone cements. Bisphosphonates have also been used as radiopharmaceutical in dental implants and nuclear medicine, or as palliative systemic treatment for pain reduction in bone metastasis. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are bone cement-based techniques used in orthopedics, being minimally invasive procedures with low risks of infections, applied in osteoporosis and high-impact fractures. Recently, Núcleo de Radiações Ionizantes da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais proposed a synthetic composite of M-HAp with a metallic nuclide M. After irradiation, M-HAp was added to PMMA, compounding a radioactive bone cement that can recover bone body stabilization, pasting microfractures and recomposing the anatomy and functionality of the affected parts by the compression of bone metastases, with possible pain reduction through quick radiation-induced decompression. Computational dosimetric models, and the synthesis and characterization of bioceramics that incorporate Re-188, Ho-166, or Sm-153 have demonstrated the benefits of these biometrics as promising alternative therapies, mainly from their ability to maintain the ionization in the bone structure, thereby sparing the spinal cord. This article presents a review on this topic. Level of Evidence V, Expert Opinion.

Polymethylmetacrylte (PMMA) é um composto utilizado na indústria e desde os anos 80's também tem sido empregado nas áreas odontológica e biomédica como constituinte de cimentos ósseos. A hydroxyapatite (HAp) é uma biocerâmica produzida naturalmente nos ossos. Esses dois componentes são constituintes fundamentais no preparo de cimentos ósseos. A síntese artificial de HAp pode ser feita pelo método sol-gel. Bifosfanatos tem também sido utilizado na odontologia em implantes dentários e na medicina nuclear, como radiofármaco ou no tratamento paliativo sistêmico de redução de dor das metástasis ósseas com 153 Sm-EDTPM. A Vertebroplastia e Cifoplastia são técnicas empregadas na ortopedia utilizando o cimento ósseo, sendo procedimentos minimamente invasivos de baixo risco de infeções, aplicadas em osteoporose e fraturas de alto impacto. Recentemente, no Grupo de Pesquisa NRI – Nucleo de Radiações Ionizantes/UFMG, foi proposto um compósito de M-HAp com nuclideo metálico M incorporado na matriz, que após ativado é adicionado ao PMMA constituíndo um cimento ósseo radioativo que pode recuperar a estabilização o corpo ósseo, colando microfraturas, recompondo a anatômia e funcionalidade de peças afetadas pela compressão das metástases ósseas com possível redução de dor pela rápida descompressão induzida pela radiação. Modelos dosimétricos computacionais, sintese e caracterização destas biocerâmicas incorporando Re-188, Ho-166 ou Sm-153 tem indicado benefícios radioterapêuticos promissores, podendo se tornar uma alternativa para radioterapias convencionais, principalmente por conter a dose absorvida na estrutura óssea, por exemplo no corpo da vertebra poupando a medula espinhal. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre o tema. Nível de Evidência V, Opinião do Especialista.

Keywords: Cement; Hydroxyapatite; Kyphoplasty; PMMA; Radioisotopes; Vertebroplasty.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no potential conflict of interest related to this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Minimal invasive procedures: anatomical position of vertebrae. (A) Vertebroplasty; (B) anatomical regions of the vertebrae according to Harrington; (C) Kit and Vertebroplasty simulation.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Computational model with MCNP5/Siscodes - BED. (A) vertebral model of the spine and isodose distribution. (B) accumulated dose curve for cement bound with Ho-166.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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