Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among medical students of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Objectives: Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are often difficult to manage due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the nasal carriage of MRSA and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among medical students at the Jimma University medical center (JUMC), Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at the JUMC from May to August; 2016. A total of 371 participants were systematically selected. Demographic data was collected using pre-designed questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected following standard microbiological methods. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30μg) disc (Oxoid, UK); and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method.

Results: A total of 371 students were included. Of these, 84.9% (315/371) were males. The overall prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA among medical students at JUMC were 22.1% (82/371) and 8.4 % (31/371), respectively. The carriage rate of MRSA among medical intern (20% (16/80)) was higher compared with clinical year-I (3.6% (6/166)) and year-II (7.2% (9/125)) students. Resistance against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 83.9%, 64.5% and 51.6%, respectively. Longer stay in hospital was significantly associated with the acquisition of MRSA (X² = 6.93, P value = 0.031).

Conclusion: The prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA was high. Longer stay in hospital environment was associated with the acquisition of MRSA. These findings suggest that infection control efforts focusing the performance of antimicrobial stewardship could have a significant impact on MRSA incidence in this setting.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Health profession; Infectious disease; Microbiology.