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Review
. 2018 Nov;16(11):665-678.

The prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Reza Omani Samani  1 , Amir Almasi Hashiani  1 , Maryam Razavi  2 , Samira Vesali  1 , Mahroo Rezaeinejad  3 , Saman Maroufizadeh  1 , Mahdi Sepidarkish  1
Affiliations
Review

The prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Reza Omani Samani et al. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders has important implications for both health service planning and risk factor epidemiology.

Objective: The aim of this review is to identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran.

Materials and methods: Studies with original data related to the prevalence of menstrual disorders were identified via searching six electronic databases and reviewing citations. All abstracts or titles found by the electronic searches were independently scrutinized by two reviewers. The Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model, considering the remarkable heterogeneity among studies. A total of 35 eligible epidemiological studies were included in this review.

Results: Overall, the pooled prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 73.27% (95% CI=65.12-81.42). The mean proportion of women with oligomenorrhea was 13.11% (95.5%, 95% CI: 10.04-16.19). We identified 16 studies that reported polymenorrhoea with a random effect of pooled prevalence estimate of 9.94% (95% CI 7.33%-12.56%). The prevalence estimate of hypermenorrhea was 12.94% (95% CI 9.31%-16.57%). Overall prevalence of hypomenorrhea was 5.25% (95% CI 3.20%-7.30%), ranging from 0.9- 12.90%. Pooling six studies that reported estimates for menorrhagia, the overall prevalence was 19.24% (95% CI 12.78-25.69). Overall, 6.04% (95% CI: 1.99-10.08) of the women were shown to have metrorrhagia.

Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran is substantial. It has been neglected as a fundamental problem of women's reproductive health. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders should be included in the primary health care system of reproductive health.

Keywords: Amenorrhea; Dysmenorrhea; Menorrhagia; Menstruation disturbances; Oligomenorrhea.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the literature search for studies included in meta-analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot showing prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in Iran
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot showing prevalence of oligomenorrhea in Iran
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot showing prevalence of polymenorrhea in Iran
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot showing prevalence of hypermenorrhea in Iran
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot showing prevalence of hypomenorrhea in Iran
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot showing prevalence of menorrhagia in Iran
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot showing prevalence of metrorrhagia in Iran
Figure 9
Figure 9
Forest plot showing prevalence of primary amenorrhea in Iran
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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