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Review
. 2019 Sep;234(9):14489-14499.
doi: 10.1002/jcp.28252. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer

Pejman Shadpour  1 , Mojtaba Zamani  2 , Nazi Aghaalikhani  3   4 , Nadereh Rashtchizadeh  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer

Pejman Shadpour et al. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Sep.

Abstract

The presence of inflammatory cells and their products in the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a tumor. Releasing the cytokines from a host in response to infection and inflammation can inhibit tumor growth and progression. However, tumor cells can also respond to the host cytokines with increasing the growth/invasion/metastasis. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The microenvironment of a bladder tumor has been indicated to be rich in growth factors/inflammatory cytokines that can induce the tumor growth/progression and also suppress the immune system. On the contrary, modulate of the cancer progression has been shown following upregulation of the cytokines-related pathways that suggested the cytokines as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we provide a summary of cytokines that are involved in BC formation/regression with both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. A more accurate understanding of tumor microenvironment creates favorable conditions for cytokines targeting to treat BC.

Keywords: bladder cancer; cytokines; inflammation; microenvironment; receptors.

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